愛華網(wǎng)
短文改錯(cuò) 專題
編制人：王小惠 審批人：劉功良 編制日期：2011.11.26
【Objectives】學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
1.Understand and master some strategies.
2.Correct mistakes using strategies.
【Contents and methods】學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容和方法
1.Contents：learn requirements of the outline.
2.Method：preview, discussion, presentation, group-works etc.
高考解讀：
1.命題特點(diǎn)：短文改錯(cuò)的語(yǔ)言材料長(zhǎng)取決于考生自己的作品，且話題常見，篇幅結(jié)構(gòu)符合考生的寫作水平，基本無(wú)生僻的語(yǔ)言障礙和，偏，怪，難的語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)。
2.答題要求：增詞；在卻此處加一個(gè)添加符∧并在其下面寫出該詞。多詞：把多余的詞用斜線﹨劃掉。錯(cuò)詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下面劃一橫線，并在該線下方寫出正確的詞。注意：1每處錯(cuò)誤僅限修改一詞2.只允許修改10處，多者從第11處不計(jì)分。
3.考查目的：短文改錯(cuò)設(shè)題目的在于檢測(cè)考生書面表達(dá)過程判斷，發(fā)現(xiàn)和糾正語(yǔ)篇中表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤的能力，檢測(cè)的是考生寫作中的校正能力和對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的把握，而不是單純的語(yǔ)法檢測(cè)。
4.考查方向：短文改錯(cuò)從句法，詞法和行文邏輯等角度考查考生的語(yǔ)篇的綜合運(yùn)用能力，同時(shí)兼顧句型結(jié)構(gòu)，習(xí)慣搭配等。1.句法角度:主要涉及簡(jiǎn)單句，否定句，疑問句，倒裝，省略，替代等。2.詞法角度：主要涉及名詞，冠詞，代詞，介詞，形容詞，副詞，連詞，關(guān)系代詞等；動(dòng)詞主要涉及到時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，非謂語(yǔ)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和主謂一致。3.行文邏輯角度：主要涉及人物相應(yīng)的代詞，句意的并列與轉(zhuǎn)折，時(shí)間的順序，數(shù)量的增減及因果的倒置等。
短文改錯(cuò)中所設(shè)的錯(cuò)誤都是中國(guó)學(xué)生最易犯的點(diǎn)，由于受漢語(yǔ)思維和漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式的影響，對(duì)英漢差異意識(shí)不強(qiáng)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生。在改錯(cuò)時(shí)思想傾向于漢語(yǔ)翻譯，受意義的牽制而忽略了英語(yǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，用詞的特點(diǎn)，所以不好發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。更有學(xué)生僅憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)和做題習(xí)慣亂猜亂改，沒有原則。因此短文改錯(cuò)看似簡(jiǎn)單，錯(cuò)誤似乎很明顯，但得分并不容易。
【checking of the preview】預(yù)習(xí)效果檢測(cè)
（2011陜西）Last Sunday morning ,when I was having a walk in the park near my home ,I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actor.I didn’t have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed home to get. Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and the actor couldn’t be seen everywhere.I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out a building. He was right there in the front of me! I couldn’t believe my luck—not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!
【Explanation and expansion】教師點(diǎn)撥與拓展
短文改錯(cuò)的解題策略：（strategies）
1. 通讀文章明確中心主題，整體把握時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，人物，事件和行文邏輯。
2. 看標(biāo)點(diǎn)定句子首尾，明確句子特點(diǎn)（簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句，復(fù)合句，特殊句式）；抓關(guān)鍵謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，看主語(yǔ)，明確主謂關(guān)系，確保主謂人稱，時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)一致。
3. 劃分意群，明確成分，化整為零，各個(gè)擊破。分句閱讀，逐行找錯(cuò)。這時(shí)就要對(duì)文中的詞法、句法和語(yǔ)篇等角度著重分析和特別注意。
4. 聯(lián)系考點(diǎn)，依據(jù)原則，運(yùn)用知識(shí)，分析解決。
5. 通覽檢查，糾錯(cuò)補(bǔ)漏，確定結(jié)果。
策略試練---小試牛刀：
（2011銀川一中模擬）My parents and I went to the park last Sunday. There were lots of visitors stand in front of the ticket window. We waited a long time and buy three tickets. In the tiger Mountain of the park, I was too eager to see the fierce frightened animals that I quickened my steps through the crowd .Unfortunate, I got separated from my parents. I had hard time looking for them, and I had no luck. Wandering in the park, I felt alone without any companions. Worse still .I had no money, so I had to walk to home, covering as far as 5 kilometer.
【Discussion and presentation】討論與展示
考試應(yīng)對(duì)策略歸納：
1.抓主語(yǔ)，看謂語(yǔ)，主謂一致要統(tǒng)一（語(yǔ)態(tài)一致，時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣，形式需考慮）
1)An English lady was finally decided that she really should learn to drive.
2)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.
3)She liked it very much and reads it to the class.
4)Books may be keep for four weeks.
2.名詞性質(zhì)要關(guān)注，可數(shù)與否要清楚。名詞具有受限性，限制（特指，泛指，確指），修飾要重視
1)Kate covered it with a lot of Christmas light.
2)…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
3)Good health is a person’s most valuable possession.
4)Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.
3.代詞出現(xiàn)不起眼，指代不明生疑點(diǎn)。驗(yàn)明正身別怕煩，確保一致心里安。
1)I just smiled to me and thought, ”what can I do？”
2)Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves
3)I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.
4)I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me.
4.英漢詞性易混用，形，副，名，介較常見，成分關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵。形做定表，副做狀，名詞功能莫要忘。
1)He came back lately last night.
2)He asked angry if we had finished the work.
3)I would describe myself as shy and quietly.
4)He said, ”as soon as I see a real tall building, I want to climb it”.
5.連接詞需檢驗(yàn)，邏輯關(guān)系前后辨。
1)We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.
2)I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had.
3)It is a very important exam but I can’t afford to fail it.
4)She was smiling but nodding at me.
6.介詞多少也有看，搭配錯(cuò)誤較常見。
1)Because the help you gave me that summer ,my life changed.
2)When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay his food.
3)At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree.
4)After five years away in my hometown, I find that…
7.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是考點(diǎn)，見面驗(yàn)證別嫌煩。
1)My parents love me…and will do all they can make sure…
2)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
3)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.
4)I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.
8.固定搭配看清楚，習(xí)慣用法要關(guān)注。句式特點(diǎn)整體看，引導(dǎo)詞語(yǔ)是關(guān)鍵。
1)As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.
2)Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher.
3)My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
4)I wonder that they don’t like to talk with me.
【Exercises】反饋練習(xí)
（2011浙江）I was playing at my cousin house .Since his family was rich than mine ,he had more toys than I did. There was one on particular I’d always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasn’t looking. I guessed, even at the age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cousin again; I would always know I’d done something wrong. Late on, my aunt drove me home .When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back. She knows what had happened ,but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.
【summary】歸納總結(jié)
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【Homework】課后作業(yè)
1.Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.
2.we stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.
3.we climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time.
4.There are branch library in many villages.
5.I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.
6.He practiced hardly and passed the driving-test.
7.I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time.
8.Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.
9.The beautiful of the lake attracts us a lot.
10.It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water.
11.I’d like to stay there for half a month, visiting places of interest or practicing my English as well.
12.And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.
13.As you are very popular with us Chinese high school students ,we’d like to invite for you to the exhibition.
14.…,so they are strict in their children.
15.…so that we can help each other on the course work.
16.Looking forward to hear from you soon.
17.I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you.
18.Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also…
19.I think I’d email you and let you know what things are going.
20.I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.
21.It turned out to be her own cup, that she’d left on the shell by mistakes.
（2010長(zhǎng)春調(diào)研）At first I was not quite willing to sit down and watched the 90-minute football match. Usually, I just checked the results because I though that was dull to watch a game in that players kicked a ball to each other. Therefore, my father loves football. During the World Cup in 2006,my dad stays up late just to watch his favourite sport.. Seeing him strong interest in this game of 22 men run after a ball, I decided to sit down to watch the game. I found the game excited, and my dad explained for the rules. We shared our joy. Football is not too badly as long as I watch it with my dad!
【Tips】復(fù)習(xí)建議:除了多做改錯(cuò)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)外，也要做與短文改錯(cuò)題型相關(guān)的其他練習(xí)。比如：1.在平時(shí)寫作過程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。善于總結(jié)一些錯(cuò)誤類型并加以強(qiáng)化練習(xí)，最終達(dá)到正確地使用英語(yǔ)的目的。2.還可以通過看其他同學(xué)的習(xí)作，欣賞的同時(shí)也可有意識(shí)地把該習(xí)作進(jìn)行一下“改錯(cuò)”。3.平時(shí)還可以多進(jìn)行單句改錯(cuò)練習(xí)，逐漸體會(huì)和把握短文改錯(cuò)這一題型的規(guī)律。
巧記：動(dòng)詞形，名次數(shù)，還要注意形和副。
代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟，介詞短語(yǔ)需關(guān)注。
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)要記住，冠詞連詞常光顧。
短文改錯(cuò)四不改：1.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改 2.大小寫不改 3.次序錯(cuò)誤不改 4.綱外生詞不改（文中出現(xiàn)帶漢語(yǔ)釋義的詞一般不可能錯(cuò)誤。）
