八年級（上冊）英語教科書全冊課文及譯文牛津深圳版（上海教育出版社）

八年級上冊Unit 1-8課文與翻譯

Unit1Encyclopaedias

P.3

Lookit up!

Hereare two articles from an encyclopaedia.

DaVinci, Leonardo

Leonardo daVinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician,engineer and scientist.

DaVinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showedgreat intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, helearnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous,and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in theworld. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooksinclude some interesting drawings of flying machines. (SeeArt)

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs lived onEarth more than 60 million years before human beings. They livedeverywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could evenfly.

Manydinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eatmeat.

Dinosaurs lived onEarth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they alldied out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them fromtheir fossils. (See Earth history)

查找它

這里有來自百科全書的兩篇文章。

列奧納多•達(dá)•芬奇

列奧納多•達(dá)•芬奇(1452 -1519)是意大利畫家,發(fā)明家,音樂家,工程師和科學(xué)家。

達(dá)芬奇出生在農(nóng)村。從很小的時(shí)候,他表現(xiàn)出極大的智慧和藝術(shù)才能。當(dāng)他長大時(shí),他學(xué)會了做很多不同的事情。他的畫是非常出名的,其中一個(gè),蒙娜麗莎,也許是世界上最著名的畫。他也有很多發(fā)明。例如,他的筆記本包括一些有趣的飛行機(jī)器的圖畫。(見藝術(shù))恐龍

恐龍生活在地球上人類6000萬多年前。他們生活在地球各個(gè)地方。一些恐龍和雞一樣小。其他的有十頭大象一樣大。一些甚至可以飛。

許多恐龍吃植物。然而,一些恐龍喜歡吃肉。

恐龍?jiān)诘厍蛏仙盍?.5億多年。然后,突然,他們都滅絕了。沒有人知道為什么。不過,我們可以從化石中了解他們。(見地球歷史)

P.13More practice

Australia's bigattractions

Module 1 Unit 1Morepractice

Australia’s big attractions

Australia is a very big country. It also has many bigattractions.

The Big Banana

The Big Banana is in Coffs Harbour. It was made in 1964 by JohnLandy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruitshop, so he built the Big Banana. The idea worked. Many peoplevisited his fruit shop and took pictures of the Big Banana. Soonpeople all over Australia began making big things.

The Big Merino

The Big Merino is in the city of Goulburn. Merinos are a type ofsheep. They can live in dry weather. Some places in Australia arevery dry, so these sheep are very important to the farmers there.Inside the Big Merino, there is a small museum about the history ofwool in Australia.Visitors can also climb up to the Big Merion’shead and look at the view through its eyes.

P.16Culture corner

Encyclopaedias Britannicais a world-famous encyclopaedias.

Unit2 Numbers

p.19.The king and the rice

Along time ago, there was a king in India. The king’s favourite gamewas chess.

Oneday, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged himto a game. The king promised the old man, “ You can have any prizeif you win the game.”

Theold man said, “If I win the game, I’d like one grain of rice forthe first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four forthe third, and then double the amount for each of the rest of thesquares.”

“Isthat all?” asked the king. “Wouldn’t you like gold or silverinstead?”

“No,just rice,” replied the old man.

Theking and the old man played the game for a long time. Finally, theold man won. So the king ordered his men to collect a bag of rice.He put one grain on the first square, two on the second, and so on.The king quickly realized the problem --- even with all the rice inthe country, he would still not have enough rice to put on all thesquares!

國王和大米

很久很久以前,有個(gè)印度的國王。國王最喜歡的比賽是國際象棋。

有一天,一個(gè)睿智的老人來到皇宮,國王向他挑戰(zhàn)比賽。國王允諾老人:“如果你贏得比賽你可以擁有任何獎品,?！?/strong>

老人說“如果我贏得比賽:,我想要一粒大米在棋盤的第一個(gè)方格,兩粒在第二個(gè),四粒在第三個(gè),然后使每個(gè)剩余的方格在數(shù)量上加倍。”

“就這些嗎?”國王問道。“難道你不想要金銀來代替?”

“不,只是大米,老人回答說:。

國王和老人玩了很長時(shí)間。最后,老人贏了。國王命令他的助手們收集了一袋大米。他把一粒放在第一個(gè)方格,兩粒在第二個(gè),以此類推。國王很快意識到這一問題——即使算上這個(gè)國家的所有大米,他仍然沒有足夠的大米放滿所有的方格!

P.29Morepractice

Counting before numbers

Beforethe invention of written number, people used many different ways tocount numbers.

Before theinvention of written numbers, people used many different ways tocount things.
At first, people use their fingers, and even their toes. However,they could only count small numbers in this way.
After that, they began to make small marks on sticks and bones.This helped them count bigger numbers. They used them to count thedays of the month, the amount of food and the number of animalsthey have.
Then people began to use tokens made from clay or small stones.This helped them count even bigger numbers. They often put thetokens on pieces of string so that they could carry them aroundeasily. This developed into tools like the abacus.
Finally, people began to develop systems of written marks to showdifferent numbers, and this led to the Hindu---Arabic system(0-9).We are still using this system today.

atfirst 起初，開始

apiece of string 一根繩子

develop into發(fā)展成……

leadsb to ...帶某人去……

leadsb to do sth 帶領(lǐng)某人做某事

agree with sb同意某人

agree to do sth同意做某事

not...any more =no more = not....any longer= no longer不再

takeplace 發(fā)生

happen發(fā)生

atonce 立刻

asusual 和往常一樣

keepyour dream 堅(jiān)持你的夢想

not.....at all一點(diǎn)也不

besides除了……還有

except for除了……（不同類）

except除了……（同類）

but除了

belate for 遲到

allyear round 全年，整年

order sb to do sth命令某人做某事

Unit3 Computers

P.35Computer facts

Smaller andbetter

Inthe 1940s, the first computers were bigger than cars. Now computersare becoming smaller and better.

Somecomputers are tiny. You may be unaware of them. There is probablyone inside your TV or washing machine. You depend on computers morethan you realize.

Whatcan we do with computers?

Wecan use computers to calculate. They can calculate at a fasterspeed than we can and almost never give wrong answers. We can alsotype and draw things with them. In addition, computers can doimportant jobs like operating railways and flying planes andspaceships.

Is acomputer cleverer than me?

Theanswer is “No”. Your brain can produce new ideas but computerscannot. However, one day computers may be able to a better job thanhuman beings. For example, they may be better than doctors at doingtheir job.

Whatwill happen to us if computers can do all our jobs? Will we havenothing to do? Computers may change our lives, but will they makethem better?

電腦的事實(shí)

越小越好

在1940年代,第一臺計(jì)算機(jī)比汽車大?，F(xiàn)在電腦變得越小越好。

一些電腦很小。你可能都沒有意識到他們?？赡茉谀愕碾娨暬蛳匆聶C(jī)里就有一個(gè)。你比你了解到的更加依賴電腦。

我們可以用電腦做什么?

我們可以用電腦來計(jì)算。他們可以以更快的速度比我們所能計(jì)算,幾乎從未給錯(cuò)誤的答案。我們也可以用它們打字和畫畫。此外,電腦能做重要的工作如操作鐵路系統(tǒng)，駕駛飛機(jī)和宇宙飛船。

計(jì)算機(jī)比我聰明嗎?

答案是“不”。你的大腦能產(chǎn)生新想法,但計(jì)算機(jī)不能。然而,有一天計(jì)算機(jī)可以比人類更好的工作。例如,他們可能比醫(yī)生更好地做他們的工作。

如果電腦能做所有的工作會對我們發(fā)生什么?我們會無事可做嗎?電腦可能會改變我們的生活,但是他們會使生活更好嗎?

Unit4 Inventions

Greatinventions

Great inventionschange the world. They help people live a better life. Thefollowing are three of the most important inventions inhistory.

Thewheel

Thewheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history. After itsinvention, travelling became faster and more comfortable. A fewthousand years ago, people started to use wheels on carriages. Inthe early 19th century, the first trains began to carry passengers.At the start of the 20th century, cars became popular. Without thewheel, we would not have these inventions.

Thetelephone

Alexander GrahamBell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1876. Sincethen, people have been able to speak to each other over longdistances. Today millions of people across the world own mobilephones. They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime,anywhere.

Thelight bulb

Thomas Edisondeveloped the first practical light bulb in 1879. Before theinvention of the light bulb, people had to use oil lamps, gas lampsor candles to see at night. With light bulbs, people can do as manythings in the evening as they can in the daytime. Can you imagineliving without them?

偉大的發(fā)明

偉大的發(fā)明改變世界。他們幫助人們過上更好的生活。以下是三個(gè)歷史上最重要的發(fā)明。輪子

車輪也許是歷史上最偉大的發(fā)明。它發(fā)明后,旅行變得更快、更舒適。幾千年前,人們開始使用輪子在馬車上。在19世紀(jì)早期,第一列火車開始載客。20世紀(jì)初,汽車開始流行起來。沒有輪子,我們將沒有這些發(fā)明。

電話

亞歷山大•格雷厄姆•貝爾于1876年發(fā)明了第一個(gè)實(shí)用的電話。從那時(shí)起,人們已經(jīng)能夠長距離彼此說話。今天世界各地?cái)?shù)以百萬計(jì)的人們擁有手機(jī)。他們使得人們彼此保持聯(lián)系在任何時(shí)間,任何地方。

燈泡

托馬斯•愛迪生在1879年開發(fā)第一個(gè)實(shí)用的燈泡。在燈泡的發(fā)明之前,在晚上人們必須使用油燈,氣體燈或蠟燭來看。有了燈泡,人們在晚上可以像在白天一樣做盡可能多的事情。你能想象沒有他們的生活嗎?

Unit5 Educational exchanges

Anexchange visit is educational and interesting!

Agroup of British students from Woodpark School in London arevisiting Xinhua Junior High School in Beijing on an educationalexchange.

“Iwas very nervous at first,” says Sarah. “However, my host familyare really friendly. I’m glad to be a guest in their home. I’velearnt to use chopsticks, and they’re teaching me a littleChinese!”

Thestudents spend the weekdays studying with Chinese students. At theweekend, they tour around Beijing and visit places of interest withtheir host families.

“It’s been afantastic experience so far,” says Eric. “ I’ve learnt a bit oft’ai chi, and I really enjoy it. We’ve already learnt a lot aboutChinese culture and history. The teachers have introduced us toChinese painting as well. We’ll also tried to paint some picturesourselves! I haven’t had much success yet, but I’ll keeptrying.”

“I’ve made many newfriends,” says Sarah.”I plan to keep in touch with them when Ireturn home. We’ll see one another soon because they’ll come overto the UK for the second part of the exchange next month. I can’twait!”

教育交流

交換訪問有教育意義，并且很有趣!

一批來自倫敦Woodpark學(xué)校的英國學(xué)生正在一次教育交流中訪問北京新華初中學(xué)校?！耙婚_始我很緊張,”莎拉說?！安贿^,我的寄宿家庭真的很友好。我很高興成為他們家里的一個(gè)客人。我已學(xué)會了用筷子,并且他們正在教我一些漢語!”

學(xué)生們平日和中國學(xué)生一起學(xué)習(xí)。周末,他們到北京周邊旅游，和他們的寄宿家庭一起參觀名勝古跡。

“迄今為止都是一個(gè)奇妙的經(jīng)歷”，埃里克說?！拔乙呀?jīng)學(xué)會了太極拳,,我真的很喜歡它。我們已經(jīng)學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于中國文化和歷史。老師還向我們介紹中國畫。我們還將嘗試自己畫一些畫!我還沒有取得成功,但我會繼續(xù)努力?！?/strong>

“我已交了許多新朋友,”莎拉說?！拔掖蛩惝?dāng)我回到家與他們保持聯(lián)系,。我們很快就能見到彼此,因?yàn)樗麄儗⒃谙聜€(gè)月第二部分交流的時(shí)候來英國。我等不及了!”

Unit6 Ancient stories

TheTrojan horse

Thecapital stood on the high wall of the city of Troy. “The Greekshave gone and we’ve won,” he said. “ They’ve tried to capture ourcity for ten years. Now they’ve given up and sailedaway!”

“Butlook over there,” a soldier said. “They’ve left a huge woodenhorse.”

“Ah,yes,” the captain said, “it’s too big. The Greeks didn’t want totake it with them. Get some help and pull it into thecity.”

Thatnight, in the main square of the city, all the Trojans celebrated.They sang and danced around the horse, and made jokes about thestupid Greeks. “I haven’t laughed like this since my childhood,”the captain said. After the party, they locked all the gates of thecity and then all went to sleep.

Bymidnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse.Suddenly a secret door opened on the side of the wooden horse. Thehorse was full of Greek soldiers! They quietly climbed out of thehorse one by one.

Thesoldiers opened the main gates. The Greek army entered thecity.

Forten years, the Greeks could not capture the city by fighting. Inone night, however, they succeeded in capturing it through a clevertrick.

古代故事

特洛伊木馬

首領(lǐng)站在特洛伊城的高墻上?！跋ＥD人已經(jīng)走了,我們贏了,”他說。“他們試圖占領(lǐng)我們的城市已經(jīng)十年了?，F(xiàn)在他們已經(jīng)放棄并且起航走了!”

“但看那邊,”一名士兵說?！八麄兞粝铝艘粋€(gè)巨大的木馬?！?/strong>

“啊,是的,”船長說,“它太大了。希臘人不想帶著它。找些幫手把它拖進(jìn)城?！?/strong>

那天晚上,在城市的廣場,所有特洛伊人在慶祝。他們在馬邊唱歌跳舞,開著關(guān)于愚蠢的希臘人的玩笑?！拔易孕r(shí)候起就沒有這樣笑了,”首領(lǐng)說。晚會之后,他們鎖了城市的所有大門,然后去睡覺。

午夜,廣場是空的,除了巨大的馬。突然木馬一邊一個(gè)秘密的門開了。馬里面全都是希臘士兵!他們悄悄地一個(gè)個(gè)爬出木馬。

士兵們打開了大門。希臘軍隊(duì)進(jìn)入了城市。

長達(dá)十年來,希臘不能通過戰(zhàn)爭占領(lǐng)此城。然而,在一天晚上,他們通過一個(gè)聰明的伎倆成功地占領(lǐng)。

Unit7 Memory

Henry, Paula andMillie write for the school newspaper. They have written the shortarticles below to help students improve theirmemory.

MemoryCorner

Henry

Agreat way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture ofit in your mind. If you make the picture big, strange or silly, youwill remember it better. For example, to remember the word“smiles”, we can imagine there is a “mile” between the first letterand the last letter. This makes it the longest word in theworld.

Paula

Agood method for remembering the spelling of a word is to make ashort sentence with each letter of the word. For example, if youwant to remember how to spell the word “because”, you can use thesentence “Big elephants can always understand smallelephants”.

Millie

Youwill forget something very quickly unless you understand it well.For example, you may have trouble remembering the list of steps inthe water cycle. However, it is easier to remember these steps ifyou understand how the water cycle works.

亨利,寶拉和米莉?qū)W校的報(bào)紙寫文章。他們寫了下面的短文章來幫助學(xué)生提高他們的記憶。

記憶角

亨利

來幫助你記住東西的一個(gè)很好的方法是在你的頭腦中想象它的圖片。如果你讓這幅畫大,奇怪的或者愚蠢的,你會更好地記住它。例如,要記住“微笑”這個(gè)詞,我們可以想象在第一個(gè)字母和最后一個(gè)字母之間存在一“英里”。這使它成為世界上最長的單詞。寶拉

記住一個(gè)單詞的拼寫的一個(gè)好方法是讓單詞的每個(gè)字母來造一個(gè)短句子。例如,如果你想記住如何拼寫“因?yàn)椤边@個(gè)詞,您可以使用這個(gè)句子“大象總是可以理解小象”。米莉

你將很快忘記某東西,除非你理解它。例如,您可能很難記住水循環(huán)的系列步驟。然而,如果你理解水循環(huán)是如何運(yùn)作的會更容易記住這些步驟。

Unit8 English Week

English: fun forlife

English Week atRosie Bridge School

Lastweek, students at Rosie Bridge School worked hard to make theirEnglish Week a big success.

There was anEnglish book fair in the library and a treasure hunt. Some studentsput on an English play. Other students took part in an Englishsinging competition.

There was also aspeaking competition. The students had to speak on a topic inEnglish for two minutes.

Wespoke to the winner, Henry. “I’m so happy that I won,” he said. “Iadvise people to speak slowly. If they want to be good publicspeakers, they’d better speak clearly andconfidently.”

Wealso spoke to several other students about English Week. One ofthem was Amy.

“Ireally enjoyed English Week. It gave me a chance to learn newwords. In my opinion, every school should have an English Week.It’s well worth doing,” she said.

Onthe last day of English Week, the head teacher gave a speech to thewhole school. He gave students some suggestions on how to improvetheir English. “You should communicate in English with your friendswhenever you can. You should read English books and magazines, andwatch English television programmes. Above all, you should enjoyEnglish!” he said.

英語:生活的樂趣

羅西橋?qū)W校英語周

上周,羅西橋?qū)W校的學(xué)生們的努力工作使他們的英語周大獲成功。

在圖書館里有一個(gè)英語書籍義賣和尋寶活動。一些學(xué)生上演了一個(gè)英語話劇。其他同學(xué)參加了一個(gè)英語歌唱比賽。

還有一個(gè)演講比賽。學(xué)生們必須用英語作一個(gè)兩分鐘的主題演講。

我們采訪了獲勝者,亨利?！拔液芨吲d我贏了,”他說?！拔医ㄗh人們說慢點(diǎn)。如果他們想成為好的公眾演說家,他們最好表達(dá)清晰而且自信。”

我們也和其他幾個(gè)學(xué)生關(guān)于英語周作了交流。其中一個(gè)是艾米。

“我真的很喜歡英語周。它給了我一個(gè)機(jī)會來學(xué)習(xí)新單詞。在我看來,每個(gè)學(xué)校都應(yīng)該有一個(gè)英語周。這是值得做的事情,”她說。

在英語周的最后一天,校長發(fā)表了全校演講。他給了學(xué)生們一些關(guān)于如何提高他們的英語水平的建議?！澳銘?yīng)該盡可能和你的朋友用英語交流。你應(yīng)該讀英語書和雜志,看英語電視節(jié)目。最重要的是,你應(yīng)該享受英語!”他說。