愛(ài)華網(wǎng)一、主語(yǔ)從句的概念與類型
主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的詞有從屬連詞that, whether以及連接代詞who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever和連接副詞when, where, why, how等.例如:
That she was chosen made us very happy.她當(dāng)選了使我們很高興.
What caused the accident is a complete mystery.是什么導(dǎo)致了這次事故還完全是一個(gè)謎.
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否來(lái)還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題.
Which team will win the match is still unknown.哪個(gè)隊(duì)會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不知道.
Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.參加聚會(huì)的每一個(gè)人都將收到一份禮物.
When they will start has not been decided yet.他們何時(shí)出發(fā)還沒(méi)決定.
注意:上述例句中的主語(yǔ)從句都是放在句首,但有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免"頭重腳輕",常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把從句放在后面.例如:
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,真是遺憾.
It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.他們是否今天去購(gòu)物還得看天氣情況.
這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型:
1)It is + adj. / n. +從句
It is a pity/shame that...遺憾的是……
It is possible that...很可能……
It is unlikely that...不可能……
2)It +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句
It seems/appears that...似乎……
It happened that...碰巧……
3)It + be +過(guò)去分詞+從句
It is said that...據(jù)說(shuō)……
It is known to all that...眾所周知……
It is reported that...據(jù)報(bào)道……
It is believed that...據(jù)信……;人們相信……
It is suggested that...有人建議……
It must be pointed out that...必須指出……
It has been proved that...已證明…….例如:
It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.據(jù)信,至少有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉.
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建議會(huì)議延期召開.
It's reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.據(jù)報(bào)道,事故中三人喪生,五人重傷.
It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.眾所周知,臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分.
[鞏固練習(xí)]
1. Does _______ matter if he can't finish the job on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
2. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey.
A. which B. that C. if D. for
3. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
二、學(xué)習(xí)主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題
1)引導(dǎo)詞that與what
what既有引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的作用,同時(shí)又在從句中作句子成分(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等).這時(shí)what相當(dāng)于all that/everything that...,常譯成"所……的(東西、事情、話等.)";而that只起連接作用,本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義,在從句中也不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分.但that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí),不能省略that.例如:
What is done can't be undone. (諺語(yǔ))已成定局,無(wú)可挽回.
What we can't get seems better than what we have.我們得不到的東西似乎比已得到的要好.
That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.我們應(yīng)該制定一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃來(lái)應(yīng)付目前嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì),這一點(diǎn)非常重要.
That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.一位新老師將來(lái)教我們地理,這是真的.
[鞏固練習(xí)]
4. _______ what they told me really true?
A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have
5. It matters little _______ a man dies, but _______ matters much is _______ he lives.
A. how; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D. that; what; that
6. _______ she couldn't understand was _______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
7. It is pretty well understood _______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
8. _______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
A. What B. That C. This D. Which
9. -What made her parents so angry?
- _______ she had failed in the examination.
A. As B. Because C. Since D. That
2)引導(dǎo)詞if和whether
if和whether引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般可通用,但介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句(放在句首時(shí))、表語(yǔ)從句常由whether引導(dǎo).例如:
Whether she will go home or not is unknown.她是否回家還不得而知.
Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.我們是養(yǎng)鴨還是養(yǎng)鵝仍沒(méi)決定.
=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.
但我們不能說(shuō)If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.
[鞏固練習(xí)]
10. _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
3)其它引導(dǎo)詞
連接代詞who, which, whom, whose有各自的意義,起連接作用,并在從句中充當(dāng)語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等;連接副詞when,where, why, how等有各自的意義,起連接作用,并在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ).
[鞏固練習(xí)]
11. -Do you remember _______ he came?
-Yes, I do. He came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
12. It was a matter of _______ would take the position.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever
13. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that _______ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
14. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which
三、語(yǔ)氣
在It is necessary / natural / important / strange...+ that-clause這類句型里,that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"should +原形",表虛似語(yǔ)氣.例如:
It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須馬上解決.
It's strange that he should have gone away without telling us.他竟然沒(méi)向我們說(shuō)一聲就走了,真是奇怪.
[鞏固練習(xí)]
15. It is necessary that a college student _______ at least a foreign language.
A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master
四、以it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別
"It be + adj./n. + that-clause"與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型均有It be...that...之類的語(yǔ)言標(biāo)志,但不同的是:①前者中的that從句是主語(yǔ)從句.若刪掉其中的It be和that,則剩余部分不論結(jié)構(gòu)還是語(yǔ)意都不能成為一個(gè)句子;但若將后者中的It be和that去掉,則剩余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)意仍能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子.②強(qiáng)調(diào)句型譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可加上"正是……"或"就是……"之類的字眼,而主語(yǔ)從句則不可以.請(qǐng)比較下面兩個(gè)句子:
It is surprising that Mary should have won first place.令人驚奇的是瑪莉竟然獲得了第一名.
It is Mary that has won first place.正是瑪莉得了第一名.
第一句話中的It是形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句.句中的It is和that無(wú)法刪除,一旦刪除句子就不成立.
第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,其中的It is和that可以去掉,因?yàn)闆](méi)有It is和that句子仍然很通順.
Key: 1-5 DBDBA 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 AAADB
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