愛(ài)華網(wǎng)主語(yǔ)從句
一 定義:在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)從句,這個(gè)從句就叫做主語(yǔ)從句。
通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
Whyhe refused to work with you isstill mystery.
他為什么拒絕和你一起工作，仍不得其解。
Whoever comes is welcome.
不論誰(shuí)來(lái)，都是受歡迎的。
二 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的詞有從屬連詞that, whether以及連接代詞who,what, which, whoever,
whatever,whichever和連接副詞when, where, why, how等.例如:
That she was chosen made us veryhappy.她當(dāng)選了使我們很高興.
What caused the accident is a completemystery.是什么導(dǎo)致了這次事故還完全是一個(gè)
謎.
Whether she will come or not is still aquestion.她是否來(lái)還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題.
Which team will win the match is stillunknown.哪個(gè)隊(duì)會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不知道.
Whoever comes to the party will receive apresent.參加聚會(huì)的每一個(gè)人都將收到一份
禮物.
When they will start has not been decidedyet.他們何時(shí)出發(fā)還沒(méi)決定.
三上述例句中的主語(yǔ)從句都是放在句首,但有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免"頭重腳輕",常用it作形
式主語(yǔ),而把從句放在后面.例如:
It is a pity that she has made such amistake.她犯了這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,真是遺憾.
It depends on the climate whether they are goingshopping today.他們是否今天去
購(gòu)物還得看天氣情況.
這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型:
（1） It is +名詞+從句
It is a factthat… 事實(shí)是……
It is a pity/shame that...遺憾的是……
類似的名詞還有：awonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。
例如：It is amystery to me how it all happened.
這一切是怎么發(fā)生的是個(gè)謎。
It is nosurprise that Bob should have won the game.
鮑勃會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽，這不足為奇。
（2） It is +形容詞+從句
It isnecessary that … 有必要……
It is clearthat … 很清楚……
It is likelythat … 很可能……
It isimportant that … 重要的是……
It ispossible that...很可能……
類似的形容詞還有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful;possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while;surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc. 例如：
It is obvious that conductors and insulators are bothimportant in industry.
很明顯導(dǎo)體和絕緣體在工業(yè)中都很重要。
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
她是否能來(lái)令人懷疑。
It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you .
他拒絕和你說(shuō)話真是令人驚訝。
It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .
周末之前，他應(yīng)該到這里是必要的。
It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.
很明顯我們不能這樣下去了。
（3） It is +過(guò)去分詞+從句
It is saidthat...據(jù)說(shuō)……
It is known to all that...眾所周知……
It is reported that...據(jù)報(bào)道……
It is believed that...據(jù)信……;人們相信……
It is suggested that...有人建議……
It must be pointed out that...必須指出……
It has been proved that...已證明…….例如:
類似的過(guò)去分詞還有：estimated; expected; thought; hoped; noted;discussed;
required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; foundout,etc.
例如：It is thought that he is the best player.
大家都認(rèn)為他是最好的選手。
It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.
據(jù)估計(jì)這個(gè)花瓶有2000年的歷史。
It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collisionbetween two stars.
過(guò)去一直認(rèn)為新星是由于兩顆星星之間碰撞產(chǎn)生的。
It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened totraffic.
還沒(méi)弄清楚這條路將開始通車。
（4） It +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句
It seems/appears that...似乎……
It happened that...碰巧……
It has turned out that … 結(jié)果是……
類似的不及物動(dòng)詞還有：seem, appear, occur, follow, happen, turn out,etc.
例如：It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
結(jié)果是無(wú)人記得那個(gè)地址。
It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.
看起來(lái)他們急需幫助。
It happened that I saw him yesterday.
碰巧我昨天看見他了。
[鞏固練習(xí)]
1. Does _______ matter if he can't finish the job ontime?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
2. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turninggrey.
A. which B. that C. if D. for
3. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted asan international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
四 學(xué)習(xí)主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題
1 引導(dǎo)詞that與what
what既有引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的作用,同時(shí)又在從句中作句子成分(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等).這時(shí)what相當(dāng)于allthat/everything that...,常譯成"所……的(東西、事情、話等.)";
而that只起連接作用,本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義,在從句中也不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分.但that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí),不能省略that.例如:
What we can't get seems better than what wehave.我們得不到的東西似乎比已得到的要好.
That a new teacher will come to teach us geography istrue.一位新老師將來(lái)教我們地理,這是真的.
[鞏固練習(xí)]
4. _______ what they told me really true?
A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have
5. It matters little _______ a man dies, but _______matters much is _______ he lives.
A. how; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D.that; what; that
6. _______ she couldn't understand was _______ fewerand fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why;that
7. It is pretty well understood _______ controls theflow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmospheretoday.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
8. _______ fashion differs from country to country mayreflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
A. What B. That C. This D. Which
9. -What made her parents so angry?
- _______ she had failed in theexamination.
A. As B. Because C. Since D. That
2 引導(dǎo)詞if和whether
if和whether在引導(dǎo)位于句首的主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能選用whether.如：
Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to bedecided.我們是養(yǎng)鴨還是養(yǎng)鵝仍沒(méi)決定.
=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raiseducks or geese.
但我們不能說(shuō)If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to bedecided.
[鞏固練習(xí)]
10. _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on theweather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
3 其它引導(dǎo)詞
連接代詞who, which, whom,whose有各自的意義,起連接作用,并在從句中充當(dāng)語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等;連接副詞when,where, why,how等有各自的意義,起連接作用,并在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ).
[鞏固練習(xí)]
11. -Do you remember _______ he came?
-Yes, I do. He came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
12. It was a matter of _______ would take theposition.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever
13. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show lastweek.
-Is that _______ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
14. I read about it in some book or other, does itmatter _______ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which
4以it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別
"It be + adj./n. + that-clause"與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型均有Itbe...that...之類的語(yǔ)言標(biāo)志,但不同的是:①前者中的that從句是主語(yǔ)從句.若刪掉其中的Itbe和that,則剩余部分不論結(jié)構(gòu)還是語(yǔ)意都不能成為一個(gè)句子;但若將后者中的Itbe和that去掉,則剩余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)意仍能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子.②強(qiáng)調(diào)句型譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可加上"正是……"或"就是……"之類的字眼,而主語(yǔ)從句則不可以.請(qǐng)比較下面兩個(gè)句子:
It is surprising that Mary should have won firstplace.令人驚奇的是瑪莉竟然獲得了第一名.
It is Mary that has won firstplace.正是瑪莉得了第一名.
第一句話中的It是形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句.句中的Itis和that無(wú)法刪除,一旦刪除句子就不成立.
第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,其中的It is和that可以去掉,因?yàn)闆](méi)有Itis和that句子仍然很通順.
5 語(yǔ)氣
在It is necessary / natural / important / strange...+that-clause這類句型里,that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"should+原形",表虛似語(yǔ)氣.例如:
It is necessary that the problem should be settled atonce.這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須馬上解決.
It's strange that he should have gone away withouttelling us.他竟然沒(méi)向我們說(shuō)一聲就走了,真是奇怪.
[鞏固練習(xí)]
15. It is necessary that a college student _______ atleast a foreign language.
A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. willmaster
Key: 1-5 DBDBA 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 AAADB
6 必背
用形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)多，有些已形成固定的語(yǔ)法和譯法。常見的有：
It is said that... 據(jù)說(shuō)…… It is reportedthat... 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)……
It is well known that... 眾所周知……It is announced that... 據(jù)宣布……
It is believed that... 人們相信……It is thought that... 人們認(rèn)為……
It is understood that... 自不待言……It must be pointed out that... 必須指出……
It must be admitted that... 必須承認(rèn)……
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