愛(ài)華網(wǎng)單詞記憶
單詞記憶密碼之一 頭頭是道
第一組、隱姓埋名系列
在周星馳主演的《唐伯虎點(diǎn)秋香》中，唐伯虎拋棄榮華富貴，隱姓埋名賣(mài)身為奴，通過(guò)畫(huà)畫(huà)、報(bào)信、撿風(fēng)箏、裝死、耍賴等手段，千方百計(jì)接近心上人秋香，一片赤誠(chéng)之心感天動(dòng)地，有情人終成眷屬。
請(qǐng)問(wèn), “唐伯虎拋棄榮華富貴，隱形埋名，賣(mài)身為奴給華府” 如何翻譯成英文呢？
Discarding his status and wealth, TigerTang anonymously sold himself to Chamber Hua where he servedas a humble servant.
anonymously是副詞，它的形容詞anonymous已經(jīng)在研究生考試中出現(xiàn)了2次，考察到它表示 ‘匿名的，無(wú)名的’，為什么anonymous具有這個(gè)意思呢？
anonymous= a(否定) + nonym(=name) + ous(形)
連名字都沒(méi)有，當(dāng)然是匿名的；
常用表達(dá)：
anonymous letter
匿名信
anonymous donation
匿名捐款
問(wèn)題: 除了a-，還有許多帶尾巴的ab-, abs-, ac- ,ad-………….這些后綴什么意思呢？都是否定嗎？
1 ab = [away遠(yuǎn)離, no否定]
3種變形 : a , ab, abs
2 ad = [add強(qiáng)調(diào), to方向]
10種變形: a , ac(用在c,q, u之前), af, ag ,al, an, ap , ar, as ,at
記憶方法: “輔音同化”
舉例:
affect=af + fect(做). vt.影響
arrest=ar+ rest(休息) vt.逮捕(讓罪犯休息)
aggressive = ag + gress(走) +ive. a.侵略的
acquire= ac + qui(諧音:取) +re vt.獲得
1. 當(dāng)前面是 ab，abs時(shí) = 遠(yuǎn)離away , 否定
2. 當(dāng)前面是 a（二八原則）
1) 80% 表示:強(qiáng)調(diào)add，方向to
abide=a+ bide (bear) 不斷的忍受規(guī)定, 遵守 abide(by)
2) 20% 表示: 遠(yuǎn)離away , 否定
辨析：amoral, immoral
amoral與道德無(wú)關(guān)的(遠(yuǎn)離道德)
immoral不道德的
區(qū)分技巧：ab俺不: 遠(yuǎn)離away , 否定(ab, abs)
ad俺的: 強(qiáng)調(diào)add,方向 (包括ad10個(gè)變體)
§1 a, ab, abs = away (遠(yuǎn)離)
abandon vt 放棄,放縱
= ab (away) + band樂(lè)隊(duì)【助記】俺不參加樂(lè)隊(duì)了
小翻譯: 沉迷酒色
abandon oneself in alcohol and sex.
abnormal = ab (away)+ normal
a. 不正常的，變態(tài)的
South China Normal University
normal = norm + al
norm: 規(guī)范, 準(zhǔn)則
enormous= e(ex) + norm + ous(多)
a.巨大的, 龐大的
abuse = ab(away)不會(huì) +use使用
vt. 濫用; 虐待
abstruse = abs(away)不能 + truse(=trude伸)
a.深?yuàn)W難的, 難以以理解的【助記】不能深入到問(wèn)題的本質(zhì), 因?yàn)閱?wèn)題是深?yuàn)W難的,不是以理解的
intrude = in (向里) + trude(伸)
v.強(qiáng)擠入; 把(自己的思想) 強(qiáng)加于人
protrude = pro (向前) + trude(伸)
v.突出
asymmetric = a + symmetric
symmetric= sym(same) + metr(=meter) + ic
a. 對(duì)稱的
asymmetric不對(duì)稱的
absorb = ab(away) + sorb( suck吸)
vt. 吸收(營(yíng)養(yǎng),液體), 吸引(注意力)
absurd =ab(away離) + surd(sound)
[助記](méi)聽(tīng)起來(lái)很離奇的故事 a. 荒謬的，離奇的
absent =ab(away) + sent(send) a.缺席的
小翻譯: 心不在焉的
absent-minded
§2 a, ad, a-變體: 強(qiáng)調(diào),方向
adolescent = ad(強(qiáng)調(diào)) + ol(olive橄欖葉) + escent(形容詞) [助記](méi)青春就象綠色的橄欖葉, 充滿生命.
a.青春的，青春期的（13-16歲）n.青少年
adult = ad + ult(old) a.成年的, n.成年人
abolish = a(強(qiáng)調(diào)) + boli(諧音:剝離) + sh(動(dòng)詞)
[助記](méi)剝離一個(gè)制度就是 ---- vt.廢止, 廢除(法律、制度、習(xí)俗等)
abundant= a + bund [諧音:(身體)棒的] + ant(形容詞) ----身體棒的, 所以生產(chǎn)多的---- a.豐富的，盛產(chǎn)的 = ample
小翻譯: 豐收
abundant harvest
高頻短語(yǔ)： [書(shū)]abundant with = [口] rich in
小翻譯：廣東盛產(chǎn)荔枝
Canton is abundant with (rich in) Lychee.
redundant = re (again) + dund [諧音:多的] + ant ----一再的多----a.多余的,累贅的 (more than is needed) = excessive
accelerate= ac(強(qiáng)調(diào)) + celer(速度) + ate(動(dòng)詞)
v.加速, 促進(jìn)
[書(shū)]celerity 速度 = [口]speed
company?
company = com(e)來(lái) + pany(諧音：陪你)
n.伙伴，合伙公司
小翻譯：近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
Who keeps company with the wolf will learn tohowl. 跟狼在一起， 就會(huì)學(xué)狼叫.
companion n. 伙伴, 同伴
accompany = ac(to) + company
v. 陪伴, 伴隨；為…伴奏
accomplish = ac + complish(complete)
v. 完成 (任務(wù))；達(dá)到 (目的)；實(shí)現(xiàn) (計(jì)劃)
同源詞:
accomplishment n. 成就 [助記](méi)完成了任務(wù)有成就
accomplished a. 熟練的[助記](méi) 完成任務(wù)憑借熟練技巧
accustom =ac+ custom(=costume服裝)，【助記】跟別人穿一樣的服裝,入鄉(xiāng)隨俗
vi.使習(xí)慣與to = get used to
accompany = ac + company 【助記】一直做你的伙伴，當(dāng)然是陪伴你
vt. 陪伴
adhere=ad + here [助記](méi)一直堅(jiān)持在這里
vi.粘附;堅(jiān)持
小翻譯：盡管有人反對(duì)他仍然堅(jiān)持他原來(lái)的計(jì)劃．
In spite of the objection, he adheres to (sticks to) hisoriginal plan.
小翻譯：成功屬于堅(jiān)持到底的人．
Success belongs to those who adheres to (sticks to) the end.
司法程序
指控accuse -- 宣判無(wú)罪acquit -- 宣判有罪convict
accuse= ac + cuse (curse詛咒)
vt.指責(zé); 指控(of) = charge (with)
小翻譯: 他被指控盜竊
He’s accused of (charged with) stealing.
acquit = ac(to) + quit(退出) 法官讓你退出法庭,不受起訴
vt.宣告無(wú)罪
小翻譯:陪審團(tuán)宣告他被控的盜竊罪不成立。
The jury acquitted him of stealing.
convict vt.宣告有罪
= con (fully) + vict( victim受害者) 讓別人成為了受害者, 當(dāng)然宣判你有罪.
小翻譯: 陪審團(tuán)宣告他被控的盜竊罪成立。
The jury convicted him of stealing.
innocent vs. guilty
innocent = in + no + cent(一分錢(qián)) [助憶](méi)兜里沒(méi)有一分錢(qián),所以沒(méi)有偷竊是 a.無(wú)辜的(法律); 天真的(生活)=[口] naive
小翻譯: 目擊證人提供證據(jù), 他是無(wú)辜的.
Eyewitness provides an evidence that he was innocent of thecrime?
guilty = gui(諧音: 鬼)+ lty(名詞) [助記](méi) 心里有鬼, 所以是a.有罪的(法律); 內(nèi)疚的(生活) = [口] sorry
小翻譯: 目擊證人提供證據(jù), 他是有罪的.
Eyewitness provides an evidence that he was guilty of thecrime.
disguise = dis(not) + gui + se
vt.偽裝 [助記](méi) 不想讓人看出是色鬼
array= ar + ray(光線 X-ray) 排成一條線
n. 排列
an array of 一排; 一批
avail =a(to向)+vail(val=value價(jià)值)→有價(jià)值→vi有益于
vt. 提供(價(jià)值或機(jī)會(huì)); n. 效用，利益，幫助
小翻譯: 你利用好自己的每一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)說(shuō)英文.
You should avail yourself of every opportunity to speakEnglish.
同源詞:
equivalent = equi(equal) + val (value) + ent
n. 等價(jià)物; a.等價(jià)的
[常考短語(yǔ)] be equivalent to
小翻譯:他把人民幣兌換成了等值的歐元, 而不是美元。
He converted his Yuans into the equivalentamount of euros, instead of U.S. dollars.
小翻譯: 學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)?
learn/study knowledge ×
acquire knowledge √
辨析：acquire, require, inquire
acquire = ac + qui (諧音: 取) + re
vt. 獲得, 學(xué)到
require=re(back) + quire
vt.需要, 要求 【助記】需要所以取回來(lái)
inquire= in內(nèi)部 + qui + re
vt.詢問(wèn)，查明【助記】取得內(nèi)部消息．
inquisitive a. 好打探的
小翻譯: Being inquisitive is girl’s nature.
ally =al+ ly (lie) 【助記】躺在旁邊, 成為盟友
n.同盟
alliance 聯(lián)盟，同盟關(guān)系 (抽象名詞)
小翻譯: 兩國(guó)結(jié)盟.
The two countries made an alliance.
The two countries became allies.
小翻譯：劉翔有可能贏得２００８年奧運(yùn)會(huì)冠軍．(champion, championship)
Liu Xiang is likely to win the championship in 2008 BeijingOlympic Games.
Liu Xiang is likely to become the champion in 2008 BeijingOlympic Games.
贏得友誼win your friendship，成為朋友become yourfriend.
appear= ap + pear (spear長(zhǎng)矛)用矛穿透了
v. 出現(xiàn)
apparent【助記】 ap+ parent (spear矛)
a.明顯的，明白的
辨析: apparent, obvious, evident
apparent (=obvious)一目了然的(無(wú)須推理或證明)
evident 明顯的 (需要經(jīng)過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單推理或證明)
transparent=trans (across) + parent(spear矛)
a. 透明的
attach=at + tach(接觸)
v.縛上, 系上
【反】detach v.分離 =de(away) + tach(接觸)
attach label to parcel
給包裹貼標(biāo)簽
Mary was attached to her mother.
瑪麗很依戀她的母親。
appoint【助記】ap + point 點(diǎn)，指向
任命；指定
小翻譯: 總經(jīng)理任命她為公司的首席執(zhí)行官.
The general manager appointed her the CEO of the company.
CEO = chief executive officer
CFO?
= chief financial officer 首席財(cái)務(wù)官
COO?
= chief operating officer 首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官
CTO?
= chief typing officer 首席打印官
CHO ?
= chief huyou officer
appointment任命；約會(huì)
辨析：date, appointment
amuse = a + muse vt.使發(fā)笑, 使愉快
muse [希神]文藝、美術(shù) 、音樂(lè)等的繆斯女神
music = mus + ic
museum = muse + um(場(chǎng)所) n. 博物館
forum = for + um n.論壇，（羅馬）法庭
amusement n.娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)
小翻譯：你的笑話讓我笑死了。
I’m quite amused by your joke.
accumulate = ac + cum(come) + ulate
v.積聚, 堆積 [助記](méi) 都集中到一起來(lái)
cumulative = cum + ulative a.累積的
affiliate = af + f(family) + iliatev.(使...)加入, 聯(lián)合
小翻譯: 華師附中
The middle school affiliated to SCNU
annoy= an(to)+ no (noise) + y 不斷的制造噪音
vt.使煩惱, 騷擾
allot= al(to) + lot [助記](méi)每人給一些
vt.(按份額)分配, 分派
allocate= al(to) + locate(地點(diǎn)location)
vt. (政府)撥款; 劃撥 [助記](méi)給每個(gè)地方撥些錢(qián).
lure= l(lead) + u + re(阿姨) 阿姨引誘你 n.引誘，誘惑力
allure= al + lure(引誘)
vt. 誘惑
ascertain = as + certain(確定的)
vt.確認(rèn)；查明 [助記](méi) 找到肯定的答案
affiliate = af + f(family) + iliate
v.(使...)加入, 聯(lián)合 [助記](méi) 成為家庭中的一員
小翻譯: 華師附中
The middle school affiliated to SCNU
arrange =ar(=tp)+range(=rank排列)→
vt.安排，籌備；整理，排列，布置
derange = de(away) + range
vt. 使發(fā)狂, 使精神錯(cuò)亂 [助記](méi) 發(fā)狂的時(shí)候把整理好的東西亂扔 throw away
[同] dement = de(away) + ment(饅頭: 頭腦)
mental a.精神的; n.瘋子, 精神病人
[反] physical
小翻譯: 精神病醫(yī)院
Mental hospital
辨析: astonish, astound, surprise, amaze
amaze ＝a + maze(迷宮)（迷惑地）吃驚
astonish = a + ston(stone) +ish 呆若石頭
vt.(使)吃驚
astound = a + stound (big stone)
vt. (使)大吃一驚
stun (stone) vt.嚇暈，(被石頭)打暈
surprise = sur(上面) + prise (抓住)
vt. (意想不到) 驚訝；突然襲擊
Webster 美國(guó)辭典編撰學(xué)家 Dictionary
Webster’s wife: I’m surprised.
Webster: No, Madam. I’m surprised, you are astonished.
第二組、變形金剛系列
如果你查漢英詞典，對(duì)應(yīng)“變形”有兩個(gè)詞，一個(gè)是deform，另一個(gè)是transform。如果用來(lái)表示變形金剛你使用deformer還是transformer?
trans=across表示穿越，跨越
transform變形（強(qiáng)調(diào)從一種形式到另一種形式）
deform 使殘廢；使…外形破壞；損毀…表面。
如果你用deformer，所有的 “變形金剛” 就變成了 “殘疾金剛”。
例句：His body has been deformed by disease.
de-這個(gè)前綴是一個(gè)具有非常強(qiáng)貶義的前綴，在考試中主要考查它兩個(gè)意思：
1）de = 除去(away)
defend= de (away) + fend( 攻擊fight, 拳頭fist)
把敵人攻擊擋開(kāi) --- vt..保衛(wèi), 保護(hù)
小翻譯: 國(guó)防部 = DOD
Department Of Defense
offend = of (強(qiáng)調(diào))+ fend ---- vt.攻擊;冒犯(語(yǔ)言上攻擊)
fence n.擊劍
destruct =de(away)＋ struct (structure結(jié)構(gòu)) [助記](méi)把建筑物拆毀
vt. 破壞; 拆除
小翻譯：大規(guī)模殺傷性（破壞性）武器
massive destructive weapon
detach = de(away) + tach (=tact接觸):不接觸
vt.分離, 脫離．［反］attach
常用搭配：detach from
detect= de(away) + tect (蓋) ：把蓋子拿走
vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)，偵察
protect=pro(forward) + tect
保護(hù) [助記](méi)上前蓋住
detective
n.偵探; adj.偵探的
delete= de(away) + lete (letter)
vt.刪除 = (erase, eface) [助記](méi)把寫(xiě)的字擦除
2）de向下= down
detail = de(down) + tail (cut)
n.細(xì)節(jié),詳情 ［助記］不斷地剪下去
tailor = tail + or(人) n.裁縫（裁剪衣服的人）
retail = re (again) + tail
n.零售 ［助記］再次剪碎了再出售
批發(fā)?
wholesale = whole + sale
curtail = cur(cut) + tail(cut)
vt.縮減, 減少(經(jīng)費(fèi)等)
entail = en使+ tail→把剪下的東西給別人
v.把…遺傳給; 使承擔(dān)
小翻譯1: 房產(chǎn)限定由長(zhǎng)子繼承.
The property is entailed on the eldest son.
小翻譯2: 學(xué)好英語(yǔ)需要花費(fèi)許多努力.
Good command of English entails great effort.
depict= de(down) + pict(picture)
vt.描繪［助記］用圖畫(huà)記錄下來(lái)
denote= de + note
vt.指示, 指明 [助記](méi) note down 寫(xiě)下一個(gè)標(biāo)記
例句：The mark (P) denotes no parking here.
demolish =de (down)+mol磨 + ish 向下磨平
vt. 完全鏟除; 粉碎
degrade= de+ grade(等級(jí))
v.降級(jí)，退化
[反] upgrade v.升級(jí)，改良
debris= de+ br(break) + is(名詞)
n. 碎片, 殘骸
synthesis n.合成; oasisn.綠洲
decline= de(down)+ cline傾斜
vi.下降；衰退；vt.拒絕
辨析：decline, refuse, reject
decline=de (down) + cline(傾斜)
refuse=re (back) +fuse(流動(dòng))
reject=re (back) + ject(噴射)
decline < refuse < reject
decline: 禮貌的拒絕
refuse: 直接的拒絕 (flat refusal)
reject: 厭惡的拒絕 (公司對(duì)員工)
單詞組記:
reject, project, subject, inject, interject, deject
project = pro + ject (扔, 噴 = jet) jetplane
計(jì)劃, 事業(yè), 工程 Hope Project
小翻譯: 投影儀
projector = project + or
subject = sub (under) + ject
1) a. 從屬于,以…為條件 be subject to
2) v. 遭受, 暴露在… = be exposed to
[考研詞匯真題] Care should be taken to decrease the length of timethat one is ____ loud continuous noise.
A. subjected to B. filled with
C. associated with D. dropped off
3) n.主語(yǔ), 主體, 主題 subjective主觀的
[反] objective 客觀的 [助記](méi)s=self, o=others
inject = in + ject
vt. 注射
小翻譯: 打針
needle injection
interject = inter (between) + ject
vt.插嘴, 突然插入 interrupt
deject=de (down) + ject
vt.使沮喪，使情緒低落= depress
第三組、超級(jí)女聲系列
超級(jí)女聲如何翻譯成英文，有媒體翻譯為Supergirl? 恰當(dāng)嗎？
老外的第一個(gè)聯(lián)想就是supergirl一定是superman與superwoman生下的daughter。
而且超級(jí)女聲是聲音的聲。
國(guó)內(nèi)外媒體普遍接受的一個(gè)翻譯就是super voice of girl, 或super-voice girl.
我還見(jiàn)過(guò)有國(guó)內(nèi)的報(bào)紙把超級(jí)女聲的贊助商蒙牛酸酸乳，翻譯為:Meng Cow, SourSour Cream.
其實(shí)原本翻譯很簡(jiǎn)單，翻譯公司的名字直譯為MengNiu就可以了，酸乳在英文中也對(duì)于一個(gè)單詞Yogurt/Yoghurt.
所以恰當(dāng)?shù)姆g是Super-voice girl sponsored by Meng Niu Yoghurt.
其中super這個(gè)前綴是一個(gè)非常重要的考試前綴，意思＝above在…之上，超過(guò)，最…
super = above 變體 (supra, supre, sup, sur,sum)
superpower
n. 超級(jí)大國(guó)
supreme court
n.最高法院
Lake Superior
n.蘇必利爾湖.
五大湖Homes (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie,Superior) Superior Lake是五大湖中最大的一個(gè)，世界上最大湖之一，面積僅次于里海。
superior to [筆]
= better than [口]
inferior to
= worse than.
superb =super +b（諧音：棒）【助記】超級(jí)棒
a.極其好的, 華麗的, 壯美的
中國(guó)人的英文被老外稱為superb不多，林語(yǔ)堂當(dāng)屬其中之一。
supervise = super + vise(看)
vt.監(jiān)督
supervisor = super + vis + or(人)
n.監(jiān)督人, [計(jì)](網(wǎng)絡(luò))超級(jí)用戶 visible
invisible = in(not) + vis + ible
a.看不見(jiàn)的, 隱形的
revise= re (again) + vise
vt. 校訂, 審閱 [助記](méi)對(duì)文章重復(fù)的看,挑出錯(cuò)誤
reviser n.修訂者
survey = sur(super) + vey
n.縱覽, 概述; 全面調(diào)查
vis = vey = view看 V是詞根的根
superstition= super + st (stand)+ ition 【助記】相信頭上站了一個(gè)神仙。
n.迷信
superstitious a. 迷信的
surcharge= sur + charge(收費(fèi))
超載；額外費(fèi)用。
fuel surcharge
燃油附加費(fèi)；
機(jī)場(chǎng)建設(shè)費(fèi) Airport construction fee?
airport tax
辨析：superficial, superfluous
superficial= super+ fic做 +ial a.膚淺的
superfluous=super + flu流動(dòng) + ous a.過(guò)剩的
surpass超過(guò) = sur + pass
surplus 剩余, 過(guò)剩, [會(huì)計(jì)]盈余=sur+ plus
小翻譯: 股市暴漲是由于流動(dòng)性過(guò)剩．
Liquidity surplus caused the stock market to skyrocket.
skyrocket= sky天空 + rocket火箭．
skyscraper= sky + scrape (擦, 刮) + er
n.摩天大樓
反義對(duì)生: super上 --- sub下
sub, 變體（suc, suf,sug, sus---c p t ）
看到sub你們聯(lián)想到第一個(gè)單詞是什么?
subway
Subway[美]地鐵； 在英國(guó)指地下通道，與過(guò)街天橋overpass相對(duì)應(yīng)。
Underground, Tube[英國(guó)]
Metro[法國(guó)等其它歐洲國(guó)家]
WC (International English)
Water Closet
overpass= over(高) + pass
n. 過(guò)街天橋
overcharge = over + charge(要價(jià))
vt.索要高價(jià)
overstate= over+ state(陳述)
vt.夸張, 夸大 = exaggerate
overflow =over+ flow [助記](méi)流到上面來(lái)了
v. 泛濫，溢出
overestimate = over + estimate(估計(jì))
Vt. 高估
overlap= over+ lap大腿
v.重疊
同源詞:
laptop =lap + top [助記](méi)可以放在大腿上來(lái)用。
n. 筆記本電腦
desktop
n. 臺(tái)式電腦
elapse = e(out) + lap(從大腿表面滑落差) + se
vi. (時(shí)間)流逝
collapse = col(=con全部) + lap(滑落) + se
vi.(建筑物)倒塌; (人的精神體力) 崩潰
eclipse = ec + lipse(=lapse)
[助記](méi)古人看到日蝕和月蝕以為太陽(yáng),月亮從天空中滑落下來(lái).
小翻譯:一葉障目，不見(jiàn)泰山。
One cloud is enough to eclipse all thesun.
urb-城市
urbane a.文雅的
urban down 鬧市區(qū)
suburb downtown 近郊區(qū) suburb= sub(under) +urb
outskirt遠(yuǎn)郊區(qū)
subtitle
副標(biāo)題 = sub + title(標(biāo)題,頭銜)
1954 年日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議 ，梁山伯與祝英臺(tái)
Title: Shanbo, Liang & Yingtai, Zhu
Subtitle: Chinese Version of Romeo and Juliet
subordinate 從屬的，下級(jí) 【助記】sub + ord (order)+ inate---在下面聽(tīng)命令
[反] 高級(jí)的, 上級(jí)的, 地位高的
superordinate
substance=sub(下）+stance(=stand)
[助記](méi) 本質(zhì)的東西永遠(yuǎn)都存在于表象之下-----n.物質(zhì); 本質(zhì), 實(shí)質(zhì)
[反] surface = sur + face
小翻譯：透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看到本質(zhì)
To see the substance through the surface.
= large number of
substantiate:使實(shí)體化; 證實(shí)(一般在審判中)
substitute
= sub +stitute(死踢球的)[助記](méi) 替補(bǔ)運(yùn)動(dòng)員在場(chǎng)下踢球熱身, 隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備替換場(chǎng)上的運(yùn)動(dòng)員
vt.代替; n.替代品 = replace
政府用天然氣代替石油作為汽車燃料.(substitute, replace)
下面四句話, 只有兩句與中文意思相符,請(qǐng)?zhí)暨x出來(lái).
1) Gov’t substitutes natural gas for petroleum as automobile’sfuel.
2) Gov’t substitutes petroleum for natural gas as automobile’sfuel.
3) Gov’t replaces petroleum with natural gas as automobile’sfuel.
4) Gov’t replaces natural gas with petroleum as automobile’sfuel.
正確: 1) =3)公式: 用A代替B
substitute A for B = replace
superior to ？
[筆]= better than [口]
inferior to ？
[筆]= worse than
infer = infra 下面
infrastructure n.基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施, 下層建筑
小翻譯: 上層建筑
superstructure
supersonic a.超音速的
小翻譯:低與音速的, 亞音速的
infrasonic
infrared = infra + red
n.紅外線 [低于紅線的光譜]
單詞記憶密碼之二: 音變規(guī)律
中文音變拾趣
例如 ‘一個(gè)人’的發(fā)音
普通話發(fā)音: ren
東北話發(fā)音
yin
江西話發(fā)音(南昌周圍)
len
四川話發(fā)音
zen
湖南話發(fā)音(湘潭周圍)
yun
廣州話發(fā)音
yen
湖南與福建的尷尬。f -- h
湖南：我是“腐爛”人；福建：經(jīng)常坐“灰雞”
要是漢語(yǔ)演變成了拼音文字, 是不是一個(gè) “人” 就會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種方言不同的書(shū)寫(xiě)方法???
不過(guò),幸好漢字沒(méi)有演變?yōu)槠匆粑淖?。不僅沒(méi)有演變，還統(tǒng)一成了一種文字。一個(gè)人功不可沒(méi)。
從秦始皇開(kāi)始，中國(guó) “書(shū)同文，車同軌，行同倫”。
英語(yǔ)音變的歷史
那么已經(jīng)演變成拼音文字的英文，會(huì)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)英變的情況呢？
答案是肯定的。英語(yǔ)由于先后受到四個(gè)民族侵略，多元文化的影響。當(dāng)我們穿越歷史的長(zhǎng)河、時(shí)間的阻隔時(shí)，許多拼寫(xiě)不同的多個(gè)單詞就產(chǎn)生了必然的聯(lián)系。
一.羅馬帝國(guó)(Roman Empire，公元前1世紀(jì))
Julius Caesar 把拉丁文引入
二.西日爾曼民族(Anglo-Saxon，5世紀(jì))
古德語(yǔ)構(gòu)成了古英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ).
當(dāng)時(shí)島上的西日爾曼民族主要是Anglo-Saxon人，其中又以Anglo人居多，所以英國(guó)的名字就是Anglaland.
音變規(guī)則：
Anglaland (land of the Angles)
Engla+land==England
在法語(yǔ)中依然稱英國(guó)為Anglais, 在西班牙語(yǔ)Inglaterra，這說(shuō)明 ‘a(chǎn)-e-i’這三個(gè)元音由于口音的不同是可以互換的。
三.北歐海盜(Scandinavia，8世紀(jì))
Vikingsvik-vic(征服)k-c互換
victory n. 勝利
victim=vict+im n.受害者,犧牲品
victimize = victim + ize
vt. 使成為受害者
四.諾曼征服(Norman=North Man，1066年)
有-que的單詞都是法語(yǔ)詞匯: etiquette,
fiancé, fiancée (法語(yǔ)單詞有陰陽(yáng)之分)
五.文藝復(fù)興(Renaissance，14-16世紀(jì))
alto男高音, solo獨(dú)唱, soprano女高音
六.英文第一部詞典問(wèn)世, 英語(yǔ)才停止了音變. (Samuel Johnson，1775年) 。
七. 中國(guó)文化的影響(20世紀(jì)以來(lái))
toufu, jiaozi, hutong, lychee, typhoon, shanghai, dim-sum,cumquat
（金橘）借自粵方言kumquat ，Tea, Silk
元音音變: a-e-i-o-u互換
音變的殘留例子
Australia
To die is man die. [ai]
Today isMonday[ei]
e-i互換
emperorn.皇帝 形容詞？
imperial a.皇帝的
e-i互換 -or名詞后綴, -ial形容詞后綴
enemy敵人 形容詞？
inimical有敵意的
ical形容詞后綴
辨析: appreciate, depreciate
價(jià)格圍繞價(jià)值上下波動(dòng)
appreciate = ap(ad) + preci (price) +ate
v.升值；漲價(jià);
(派生意義)欣賞；感激
depreciate = de(down) + preci(price) +ate
v.貶值; 跌價(jià);
(派生意義)貶低; 輕視
e-a互換
evitable = avoidable a. 可避免的
inevitable = unavoidablea.不可避免的
以下單詞的意思你都熟悉嗎? 他們的意思有什么共同點(diǎn)?
middle, medium, immediate, meddle, mediate, mediocre, medi,Mediterranean
要記住所有這些單詞的意思并不難, 知道了音變的秘密, 也就把握了這些單詞最基本的意思: med = mid =middle
medium [16次]
1) a.中等的
衣服尺碼: XS, S, M, L, XL
S(small), M(medium), L(large),
XS(extra-small), XL(extra-large)
2) n.媒介 [復(fù)] media
小翻譯: 大眾傳媒
Mass Media
mid-wife
n.接生婆
meddle
v.管閑事,干預(yù) (在中間搗亂:貶義)
mediate
v.調(diào)解, 斡旋 (在中間撮和: 褒義)
immediate= im(not) + mediate
a.立即的, 直接的; 緊挨著的 [助記](méi) 沒(méi)有中間隔開(kāi)的
小翻譯: 隔壁的鄰居
immediate neighbor
immediate reason/result
直接原因, 直接結(jié)果
mediocre = med + iocre (在中間,不突出)
a.平常的；平凡的；中庸的
Mediterranean
=med(中間)+ i + terr(土地) + anean(an ocean)
土地中間的海洋--- 地中海.
medi=medi + ev(年代,年齡) + al
中世紀(jì)的; 陳舊的
小翻譯: Parents have a medi attitude toward my dress.
父母對(duì)于服裝的守舊態(tài)度
longevity =long+ev + ity
長(zhǎng)壽=long life
terr表示土地:
territory n.版圖,領(lǐng)土,地域
兵馬俑如何表達(dá)?
terra cotta(赤紅色的土)
cottage小村舍 (都是紅土造的小房子)
terr = terior = territ 表示土地, 詞根的根: ter
單詞組記:deteriorate, interior, exterior, territory
deteriorate = de(down) + terior(土地) +ate(動(dòng)詞)
[助記](méi) 品格敗壞的人就應(yīng)該入土活埋。---- v.使惡化; 敗壞(風(fēng)俗); 使變壞(品質(zhì)等)
interior = in(into) + terior(土地) a.內(nèi)部的，國(guó)內(nèi)的
小翻譯: 室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)
interior design
exterior = ex (out)+ terior(土地)
a.外部的，國(guó)外的
territory = territ(=terior)+ ory(地方)
n.版圖，疆土
為什么terrorist表示恐怖份子?
terr還有第二個(gè)意思, 來(lái)自單詞
terrify使人恐懼= terr + ify (動(dòng)詞)
terrorism恐怖主義
請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列名詞的動(dòng)詞形式:
food, brood, blood, drop, slot, gold
food食物 n. ---feed喂養(yǎng) v.
brood一窩n.--- breed繁殖, 撫養(yǎng)v.
blood血n.--- bleed流血v.
drop水滴n.---drip滴水 v.
slot 狹長(zhǎng)的縫n. --- slit 裂開(kāi)（狹長(zhǎng)的縫）v.
gold黃金 n --- gild鍍金v. --- gilt 鍍金的a.
tips: i, e, 大部分都是動(dòng)詞, o為名詞.
seat---sit---sat
ea-a
baton ＝ beat +on
鼓棒、指揮棒、警棍
combat ＝ com + beat
n.v.戰(zhàn)斗
pacify = pac(peace) + ify
vt.使平靜; 撫慰
pacific a.和平的, 平靜的 [the P～] 太平洋
appease= ap + pease(peace)s-c輔音音變
vt.平息, 安撫, 緩和
clear 的動(dòng)詞?
clarify vt.講清楚,闡明 = clear (clar) + ifyea=a
haven = heaven
n. 避風(fēng)港，避難所. 天堂就是基督徒的避難所(haven)
辨析：battle, campaign, war
battle =bat(beat) + tlen.戰(zhàn)斗
campaign= camp(平原) + aign
n.戰(zhàn)役; 引申意義: 商業(yè)活動(dòng); 競(jìng)選運(yùn)動(dòng)
小翻譯: camp fire party
篝火晚會(huì)
war n.大型戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
battle<campaign<war
英語(yǔ)輔音音變
中文有存在輔音音變:
毛主席
peng友們
beng友們
tong志們
dong志們
小平同志
tongzhi---tongzi
chifan---cifan
英語(yǔ)輔音音變規(guī)律
1)輕輔音與濁輔音互換
b-p, t-d, f-v, k-g
2)單個(gè)字母與組合字母的互換
c-k-ck-que
k-ch-tch
g-ct
3) 形似字母互換
m-n
u-v-w
vineyard?
=wine + yard n.葡萄園
burse --- purse
n.錢(qián)包
reimburse ?
= re + in + burse [助記](méi) 再次把錢(qián)放回口袋
vt.補(bǔ)償,報(bào)銷
prove---- proof
f-v互換
c-k-ck-que 互換
check支票---cheque
etiquette n.禮節(jié)--- a ticket
candle---kindle
vt.點(diǎn)燃(蠟燭)
同源：candle蠟燭, candidate候選人, candy糖, candid坦誠(chéng)的, candor 坦白,直率
k-ch/tch互換
break v.---breach n.
breach of contract 違反合約
speak v.---speech n.
blank a 空白的---blanch v
bake v.---batch（面包等）一爐，一批
peak頂峰 ---pitch
h音的脫落
h音的脫落
arduous ?
=very hard a.十分艱難的
ornament
n.裝飾物 =horn(牛,羊)角+a + ment
camera --- chamber(房間)
canal n.運(yùn)河, 人體導(dǎo)管
channel n.海峽，頻道
cord n.細(xì)繩子--- chord
n.琴弦
charity ?
charity = char(care關(guān)心)+ ity(名詞)
n.慈善，慈善事業(yè) [助記](méi)關(guān)心有困難的人就是做慈善
g – ct互換
pigment
= pig(picture) + ment
n. 色素, 顏料
dogma
n.教條；教義 dog= doct
doctor [拉丁] 有學(xué)問(wèn)的人, 教師
doctrine n.教條, 教義 = dogma
docile = doc + ile(a.容易的)
a.聽(tīng)話的, 容易教的, 馴良的
agitate
攪動(dòng)，煽動(dòng)
ag=act同源詞：
agitator
鼓動(dòng)者；煽動(dòng)者
agenda
議事日程
agent
代理人
agency 代理機(jī)構(gòu)
agile
靈活的act+ ile (a.)
fragile
易碎的=fract + ile
juvenile =juven(junior) + ile
青少年的
ductile =duct + ile
a.可延展的
servile=serv(servent) + ile
奴性的
車44
herd instinct 獸群本能
從眾心理
figment ----fiction
虛構(gòu)的故事
小說(shuō)；虛構(gòu)
contagious a.傳染的-ious形容詞尾
contact v.n.接觸,聯(lián)系
augment增加、增大
auction拍賣(mài)
distinguish v.區(qū)分,辨別=discern
distinct a.清楚的, 明顯的, 截然不同的, 獨(dú)特的
-u無(wú)意義; ish動(dòng)詞后綴. 例如: vanish, perish
extinguish
v.熄滅,消滅
extinct
a.滅絕的，熄滅的
死火山? 活火山? 休眠火山?
死火山: extinct volcano
活火山: active volcano
休眠火山
dormant volcano
dormitory = dorm + it + ory(場(chǎng)所)
n. 寢室, 宿舍
dormitive
a. 催眠的 n.安眠藥
為什么distinguish表示 “區(qū)分”?
distinguish= dis (away) + sting(刺: 死叮) + uish
[助記](méi)在東西上分別刺上(sting)記號(hào), 以區(qū)分開(kāi)(away)
extinguish=ex(out) + sting(刺) + uish
[助記](méi)被刺穿了, 也就滅絕了.
sting --- stig (n脫落) --- sti (g脫落)
stigma= stig + ma(名詞) dogma
n. (刺的)印記; 侮辱
instigate = in + stig + ate [從內(nèi)心中刺激你]
vt.唆使；鼓動(dòng)
stimulate vt.刺激, 激勵(lì) = sti + mulate
形近詞辨析
fragment---fraction
segment --- section
辨析：fract/frag-詞根表示 “裂開(kāi)”
sect/seg詞根表示”切開(kāi)”
fragment碎片、斷片
fraction碎片，小部分，分?jǐn)?shù)
segment 片斷、節(jié)
section 片斷，部分，截面
fragment------fraction
segment ------ section
普通生活科技術(shù)語(yǔ)
辨析：fract/frag-詞根表示 “裂開(kāi)”
sect/seg詞根表示”切開(kāi)”
小練習(xí)：
玻璃碎片? 一瓣橘子? 磁盤(pán)扇區(qū)? 骨折?
fragments of glass
a segment of orange
disc sector
bone fracture
單詞記憶密碼之三：反義對(duì)生
中文反義詞: 男女；陰陽(yáng)；文武
中文反義詞拼音：nan-nu, yin-yang, wen-wu
發(fā)音完全相同：買(mǎi)賣(mài)(mai), 夫婦(fu)，起迄(qi)
在我教老外漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn):許多中文反義詞的首字母相同的，如果漢語(yǔ)演化成拼音文字，我們就可以根據(jù)這一對(duì)對(duì)相同的輔音字母，記住很多反義詞。
那么已經(jīng)演變成拼音文字的英文，是不是也有類似情況呢？難道首輔音字母相同的單詞，意思相反嗎？
push推
pull拉
thick厚
thin薄
own歸自己所有（擁有）
owe歸別人所有（虧欠）
black黑
blank白 (轉(zhuǎn)意:空白)
give給予
gain獲得
heaven天堂
hell地獄
king
queenk=que
nature先天本性
nurture后天培養(yǎng)
hospitable 友善的,好客的
hostile 敵對(duì)的,不利的
thrive 繁榮，興旺(多)
thrift 節(jié)約，節(jié)儉（少）
start 開(kāi)始
stop 停下
virtue 善良, 好品德
vice 惡毒, 壞品德
fast (齋戒，不吃)
breakfast
festival (節(jié)日，猛吃)
cradle搖籃
grave墳?zāi)?(c-k-g 清濁輔音互換)
saint 圣人
sinner 罪人
sinner宗教精神的罪人, criminal法律上的罪人
fusion 熔合
fission分裂
weal幸福
woe悲哀
mirth歡樂(lè)
moan悲嘆
witch 女巫婆
wizard 男巫師
詞根反義對(duì)生
audi聽(tīng)-oral說(shuō)au=o發(fā)音相同
pan全部
pen一半
max大變體magn-, maga
min 小
macro宏觀的
micro微觀的
major主要的; 主修課程(專業(yè))
minor次要的; 輔修課程(副業(yè)）
dei神
dem人
quiet安靜
quer爭(zhēng)吵
super上
sub下
hyper高
hypo低
st站立變體:sist, stit
sid 坐下
mort死(不動(dòng))
mot 動(dòng) 變體:mut, mob, mov
cess走變體:ceed, cede
cease停
philo喜愛(ài)
phobia 厭惡, 懼怕
詞尾反義對(duì)生
top高---deep深（深就是低）
host主人---guest客人
patri父親---matri母親
birth出生---death死亡
good---bad
plus --- minus
grav沉重/下沉---lev輕松/升起
反義對(duì)生區(qū)分原則
1) 元音口型大小決定詞根大小。
1) 元音口型大小決定詞根大小。
a>o>u>e>i
中文舉例：
胖pang--瘦shou
天-地di, 粗-細(xì)xi, 陽(yáng)-陰ying, 重-輕qing
海hai－－河he－－溪xi
英文舉例：
pan>pen
panorama全景圖 > peninsula半島
fusion(熔合: 大) > fission(分裂:小)
macro大 > micro小
2) 濁輔音>清輔音>唇鼻音
2) 濁輔音>清輔音>唇鼻音
英文舉例：
bat > pat
combative好斗的---compatible融洽的
小翻譯：與室友關(guān)系融洽
compatible with roomates
patri >matri
history, herstory
thick > thin
max > min
補(bǔ)充實(shí)例
辨析: grab--grip
grab vt.用全身地力氣搶奪---grip vt. n.用手握緊抓住
辨析: chop--chip
chopvt.砍成塊—chip v. n.切成片
chopping board砧板
chip薯片，芯片，籌碼
辨析: slab--slip
slab n.厚木板 --- slip n. 薄紙片 v.滑倒(slide)
a slip of pen
a slip of tongue
a slip of mouse.
美國(guó)小孩上廁所大小之分: pee, poo 哪個(gè)大, 哪個(gè)小?
pee(小)– poo(大)
slim, silk, little, kid, pin, bit, sip, tip, dip …
反義對(duì)生詞根講解
請(qǐng)問(wèn)高血壓和低血壓用英文怎么表達(dá)呢？
hyper-hypo- +tension壓力
er>o 兩個(gè)字母的音值>一個(gè)字母
hypertension
hypotension
hypercritical = hyper + critical 對(duì)別人嚴(yán)加批評(píng)
a.苛求的，吹毛求疵的
hypocritical = hypo + critical 在下面批評(píng)別人
a.虛偽的
hypocrisy n.虛偽，偽君子
hypothetical= hypo + the(神) + tical 人類在下面思考神的想法
a.假設(shè)的, 推測(cè)的
生死有命
mort死(不動(dòng))---mot生(動(dòng))
mortal
a.會(huì)死的 (諧音:無(wú)頭)
immortal 不死的
the immortal n.神仙
mortuary = mort + u + ary(場(chǎng)所)
n. 停尸房, 太平間
ory場(chǎng)所: factory
lavatory = lava + tory
n.洗手間
lava 巖漿
lavish 過(guò)分大方的, 浪費(fèi)的
mortify = mort + ify
vt. 使羞辱到想死; 使蒙受屈辱
mot動(dòng)
motel = motor + hotel n.汽車旅館
motor n.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī), 馬達(dá)
motion 運(yùn)動(dòng)
小翻譯: 永動(dòng)機(jī)
Perpetual motion machine
Motion Picture ?
電影藝術(shù)與科學(xué)學(xué)院
Academy of motion picture Arts and Sciences
縮寫(xiě)為A.M.P.A.S.
Academy Award = Oscar Award
motive
n.動(dòng)機(jī), 目的 adj.發(fā)動(dòng)的, 運(yùn)動(dòng)的
motivate
促起；激發(fā)=arouse somebody‘s motive;
=spur激勵(lì);馬刺
例句:
Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledgebut to be the slave of them.
motive
n.動(dòng)機(jī), 目的 adj.發(fā)動(dòng)的, 運(yùn)動(dòng)的
motivate
促起；激發(fā)=arouse somebody‘s motive;
=spur激勵(lì);馬刺
例句:
Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledgebut to be the slave of them.
remote = re(back)+ mot +e
a.遙遠(yuǎn)的, 偏僻的
a remote village
commotion =com共同+ mot + ion
n.騷亂；混亂
locomotive=loc(地點(diǎn)location) + o + mot + ive
n.火車頭
automatic=auto(self) + mat(mot) + ic
a.自動(dòng)的
promotion = pro+mot+ion
n. 1)升職;2)促進(jìn); 3)促銷
小翻譯: 貶職?
demotion=de (down)+ mot + ion
mot=mob
mob [諧音]抹布.在社會(huì)造成動(dòng)亂
n. 暴徒，a. 暴亂的
mobilize
vt.動(dòng)員（軍隊(duì)），調(diào)動(dòng)（機(jī)械）
demobilize= de + moblize
vt.遣散；（使）復(fù)員
morbid
a.病態(tài)的 [諧音]毛病的
automobile=auto(self自己) + mobile(移動(dòng))
汽車(美) = motor car (英)
autonomy=auto + nomy(管治)
n.自治
autocracy=auto + cracy(統(tǒng)治)
n. 獨(dú)裁(政府)
辨析
biography, biology, autobiography,autograph
親筆簽名, 生物學(xué), 傳記, 自傳.
biology生物學(xué)=bio生命+logy學(xué)科
biography 傳記=bio生命 + graphy寫(xiě)
autobiography自傳= auto自己+ bio生命 + graphy寫(xiě)
autograph=auto + graph(寫(xiě))在文件或書(shū)上寫(xiě)上自己的名字: 親筆簽名=signature
為什么graph表示寫(xiě)?
graphite n.石墨（古人用來(lái)寫(xiě)毛筆字的顏料）
graphic a.繪畫(huà)的; 生動(dòng)的,（輪廊）鮮明的=vivid
graffiti n.涂鴉 (亂畫(huà))f=ph,發(fā)音相同.
demographics= dem(人民,人口) + o + graph(寫(xiě)，記錄) + ics(名詞 ) 記錄人口的數(shù)量--- >人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)。
【真題例句】 Even demographics are working against the middleclass family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and allthe attendant need for physical and financial assistance – havejumped eightfold in just one generation. [2007年閱讀Text3]
【經(jīng)典譯文】甚至人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)都對(duì)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭不利，家庭中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要給予體力和經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的年老力衰的父親或母親的幾率在一代人的時(shí)間里增加了八倍。
大小對(duì)應(yīng)
max大---min小
maximum
最大值max+ i + mum (number)
maximize最大化 -ize動(dòng)詞后綴
maximal最大的-al形容詞后綴
請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出: 最小值, 最小化, 最小的
max---min
minimum最小值
minimize最小化
minimal 最小的
climax
高潮=cli(爬climb) + max
magic神奇的 mag=max
magic trick
magnet
magnetic 磁的, 有磁性的；有吸引力的
a magnetic personality.
有魅力的個(gè)性
master主人，大師(mast=max)
masterpiece
杰作
mast 桅桿
The United Nations sent half-mast to Premier Zhou
magn=max
magnify = magn + -ify(動(dòng)詞后綴)
vt.放大
magnifier
n.放大鏡
magnificent=magn大+i＋fic做+ent
a.宏偉的，壯觀的
magnitude = magn + itude(名詞:度)
n大小, 積, 量, 長(zhǎng)(度); 尺寸, 幅[長(zhǎng)]度;
巨[偉, 重]大; 重要性;
【數(shù)】量值;【天】(恒星的)等, 等級(jí), 光度; 震級(jí)
----所有這些意思都表示 “大的程度”
小翻譯: 汶川地震在里氏震級(jí)的記錄中為8級(jí)，是一場(chǎng)大地震。
The Wenchuan earthquake registered 8 on the Richter magnitudescale, making it a major earthquake.
小翻譯: 一系列余震襲擊該地區(qū)，引起了恐慌。
A series of aftershocks have hit the affected areas, causingpanic.
macroeconomics
n.宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)
微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)?
microeconomics
macroscopic =macro+ scop(scope視野)+ic
a.肉眼可見(jiàn)的
microscopic = micro + scop + ic
a.顯微鏡下可見(jiàn)的，微小的
大學(xué)主修與輔修還記得怎么說(shuō)嗎？
major(主修),minor(輔修)maj=max
major n. 成年人,大人=adult; a.=main主要的
minor n.未成年人; a. lessimportant 次要的
majority n. 大多數(shù)
minority n.少部分
mini-小
minister大臣 ?
Your majesty 陛下, 最高王權(quán) maj=max. 相對(duì)于majesty,minister就是小人.
administrate
vt.管理,支配=ad+mini+str(street) + ate
MBA
Master of Business Administration
Married But Available
diminish = di(二分) + min(小) + ish(動(dòng)詞)
vt. 縮小，減少
miniature = mini + a + ture(后綴)
n.微縮模型; a. 微型的
miniature nation微型國(guó)家
世界上最小的國(guó)家是哪一個(gè)？
Vatican, 0.44平方公里
（超級(jí)精品）單詞記憶密碼之三——反義對(duì)生2(2009-10-02 09:24:44)
八瓶水：oct-aqua
【助記】quack quack鴨子叫
aquarium----aqua+ium(地點(diǎn))
n.水族館
gymnasium
stadium
n.室外體育館 = stad(stand) + ium
auditorium
n.報(bào)告廳, 演講堂= auditor(聽(tīng):audience) + ium
小翻譯: 水上運(yùn)動(dòng)
aquatic sports
aqua-是水, 為什么oct-aqua是8瓶水?
oct-羅馬拉丁詞根, 表示八
問(wèn)題: 為什么October是十月? 按照詞根, 應(yīng)該是八月才對(duì).
羅馬古歷只有十個(gè)月，但是后來(lái)羅馬兩個(gè)著名的君主為了名垂青史，把自己的名字硬生生的加入到了月份當(dāng)中。
Julius Caesar. 制定了Julian Calendar(儒略歷, 公歷的前身). 一年12個(gè)月, 單數(shù)大月,雙數(shù)小月. 二月29天, 潤(rùn)年30天.
然后根據(jù)自己的名字命名七月July, 因此原來(lái)的Augustus 奧古斯都：羅馬帝國(guó)第一任皇帝.凱撒的侄孫。把自己的名字命名八月August, 還從2月份搶來(lái)一天。以顯示自己的成就不比愷撒小。
因此September和October都推遲了兩個(gè)月.
Caesarian birth ?
剖腹產(chǎn)
章魚(yú)用英文怎么表達(dá)?
八爪魚(yú) octopus = oct + o + pus(腳=ped)
七匹狼英文如何表達(dá)?
7+2=9
九月是September
陳弈迅的十年, 如何翻譯?
10+2=12
十這個(gè)詞根當(dāng)然就是12月(羅馬古歷的10月)
December=dec(十)+ ember
decade
十進(jìn)制
decimal system
小數(shù)點(diǎn)
decimal point
dicimeter= deci(十分之一) + meter
n.分米
decibel
n.分貝
到了希臘，你怎么得到水？
hydro-是希臘語(yǔ)詞根，如果你去了希臘，要水喝就說(shuō)hydro-。
hydrogen
hydro + gen產(chǎn)生: 由水中產(chǎn)生的氣體，氫氣。
Carbohydrate
=carbo(=carbon) + hydrate
碳水化合物，身體能量的主要來(lái)源。
Fire Hydrant ？
§坐立結(jié)合
§st站立－sid坐下
sid=sit
preside
=pre(pro音變) + sid +e 坐在主席臺(tái)前---v.主持
主持會(huì)議? presideon/at/over/in
preside over a meeting
president n.主席, 校長(zhǎng),總統(tǒng)［助記］坐在主席臺(tái)前的人
reside =re+ sid + e坐回家---v.居住
resident n. 居民
小翻譯: 暫住證 (TRP)
Temporary Residential Permission
subside=sub + sid +e
v.下沉，減退
subsidy n.補(bǔ)貼 [助記](méi)給坐在下面的貧民給錢(qián)
assiduous =as+sid+ous一直坐著(頭懸梁錐刺骨)
a.勤奮的，刻苦的
insidious=in里面+ sid坐 + ious
英漢詞典：陰險(xiǎn)的???
a.隱藏的，隱蔽的[助記](méi)坐在你家里的敵人，
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness anddiscrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But oneinsidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. [2004年閱讀Text2]
Alphabetism 字母排序歧視
Korea---Corea
st-是一個(gè)表示站立的隱性詞根. 為什么?
stand
stance
n. 站姿；立場(chǎng)；態(tài)度
stick棍子 walking stick
stem n.桿, 莖
stall n.貨攤, 畜欄
小翻譯: 房地產(chǎn)
Real estate
establish = e + stabl(stable) + ish(動(dòng)詞)
vt.建立 [助記](méi) 穩(wěn)固的立起來(lái)
st= stop停留
stare (～ at)
vt.凝視, 盯著看
still a. 靜止的
He stood still
他站著一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。
standstill n. 停止, 停頓
例句: Work came to a standstill.
工作完全停止了
stable a.穩(wěn)固的（靜態(tài)）= substantial
steady a.穩(wěn)定的（動(dòng)態(tài)）
小翻譯: 消費(fèi)物價(jià)指數(shù)正在穩(wěn)步上升。
CPI is on the steady increase.
stiff a.僵硬的，呆板的(站著不動(dòng))
tip the waiter 給侍者小費(fèi)
stiff the waiter ?
拒絕給侍者小費(fèi)（侍者太呆板，不想給他小費(fèi)。）
自由女神雕像
辨析: freedom, liberty
freedom 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人自由
liberty 政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)，人權(quán)上的解放，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體
liberate vt.解放
人民解放軍 PLA
People’s Liberation Army.
雕像是站立的，所以表示雕像一定是一個(gè)包含st隱性詞根的單詞。
statue n.雕像
The Statue of Liberty
核心詞匯辨析: stature, status,statute
status 地位【助記】站在美國(guó)US有地位
stature 身材 【助記】u re阿姨身材好
statute 法規(guī) 【助記】 u teach 法規(guī)
status （19次）地位？
在加拿大移民材料中marital status有六個(gè)核心詞匯作為選項(xiàng)
marital=mari(marry) + tal
1 Unmarried
2 Engaged
3 Married
4 Separated = se(色誘)+ par (partner) + ated
5 Divorced
6 Widowed
obstinate = ob (against) + st (stand)+ inate
[諧音]我不是聽(tīng)你的 = stubborn a.頑固的, 倔強(qiáng)的
辨析: obstacle, barrier
obstacle=ob+st + acle名詞后綴
1)反對(duì)或阻礙進(jìn)步的事物; 2)引申為無(wú)形的障礙
obstacle race障礙賽
barrier 1)柵欄,屏障(圍起來(lái)) 2)有形的障礙bar木棒
小翻譯: 克服障礙？
overcome obstacles
bar棒,條
bar code
條形碼
小翻譯: 一條巧克力
A bar of chocolate
barren = bar + ren(形容詞) [助記](méi)滿山只有木棍子,不結(jié)果實(shí)
a. 不結(jié)果的（樹(shù)或植物）; 貧瘠的（土地）
barrack = bar + rack (架子)
n. (臨時(shí)性) 木板房, 兵舍, 軍營(yíng)
embargo = em + bar + go
v. n. 禁運(yùn) [助記](méi)在通過(guò)的路上放一個(gè)棒子, 禁止通過(guò)
小翻譯: 美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)實(shí)施武器禁運(yùn).
USA imposes an embargo on the sale of weapons to China.
barometer = bar + o + meter(測(cè)量)
n.氣壓計(jì), 晴雨表
小翻譯: 股市是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的晴雨表.
The stock market is a barometer of national economy.
barbarian= bar + bar + ian(人)
n.野蠻人; a. 野蠻的, 粗魯?shù)?/p>
barn = bar(棒子) + n(小門(mén)) ----n.谷倉(cāng)，馬廄，牛棚.[助記](méi)這些都是用木頭棒子圍起來(lái)的，開(kāi)了個(gè)小門(mén)。
barrel = bar(木板，木棒) + rel(名詞) ---n. 木桶 (很多個(gè)木板為圍起來(lái)的)
barbecue = BBQ 燒（木棒）烤食物
小翻譯: 叉燒
Barbecued pork/duck/geese.
ban(=bar) n.棒子; vt.禁止
impose a ban on sth= impose an embargo on sth.
banish= ban + ish(動(dòng)詞) vt. 驅(qū)逐
【辨析】station, terminal
station 車站
stationary 站立在某個(gè)地方---- a. 固定的
stationery n. 文具,信箋
terminal 終點(diǎn)站 (term表示終點(diǎn))
term paper
期末論文
terminate = term + inate
vt.終結(jié), 終止
terminator n.終結(jié)者
地鐵三號(hào)線：Tianhe Coach terminal
static =st + at +ic 站在ic卡電話旁不能動(dòng)
a.靜態(tài)的
dynamic = dynam[諧音:帶那么多] + ic
a.動(dòng)態(tài)的，動(dòng)力的；十分有活力的
st有兩個(gè)延長(zhǎng)變體: sist 和 stit
resist =re (against)+sist
vt.抵抗，反抗
辨析: assist, help, aid
help n.v.幫助(代替來(lái)做)
aidn. v. （經(jīng)濟(jì)，物資）援助
financial aid 經(jīng)濟(jì)援助
小翻譯：政府資助的學(xué)校
state-aided school
assist=as + sist
vt.協(xié)助 常考短語(yǔ): assist sb. with sth. in doingsth.
consist = con + sist
考試常考三個(gè)經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)
1) of 由...組成, 包括
2) with一致
3) in在于
三個(gè)詞組精彩運(yùn)用談成功
consist of 包括 = comprise
小翻譯: 成功的公式包含汗水, 信心, 堅(jiān)持, 毅力, 技巧, 雄心還有真知灼見(jiàn).
The formula of success consists of sweat, confidence,perseverance, stamina, skill, ambition as well as insightfulvision.
小翻譯: 成功與懶惰, 貪婪, 欺騙, 鹵莽不相融.
consist with與…相容，與…一致 = comply with
Success does not consist with laziness, greed, deception, aswell as rashness.
人們都說(shuō)，世事如棋，而我卻認(rèn)為，人生如牌。consist in 在于 = lie in
小翻譯: 成功不在于你手上擁有好的牌, 而在于你如何出好手上的每一張牌.最后的贏家一定是那些自信十足, 不半途而廢, 并能絕處逢生的人.
The success consists not in holding good cards, but in playingwell with what you hold. The final winners are sure to be thosewith great self- confidence, those who will nevergive up halfway, as well as those who survive the crisis.
distance =dis(away)+ stance(站立)
n.距離, 遙遠(yuǎn)distant a. 遙遠(yuǎn)的
instant = in強(qiáng)調(diào)+stant(立等可取) 立即的；刻不容緩的
constant [諧音]“肯死等她的”所以對(duì)她的愛(ài)情是a. 持續(xù)的，恒定的. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間上的持續(xù)
consistent [諧音]“肯誓死等她的”所以是a. 一貫的，始終如一的
區(qū)別
[常見(jiàn)搭配] constant rain = continuous rain
[常見(jiàn)搭配］consistent with強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容的一致不變，前后一致 a. 持續(xù)的,不變的
小翻譯: 這個(gè)人言行一致
What he said is consistent with what he did.
He words are consistent with his conducts.
辨析：insist, persist 介詞搭配?
insist (on): 堅(jiān)持，不讓步(瞬間)
persist (in): per(一直) + sist----堅(jiān)持，不屈不撓(持續(xù))
prostitute = pro (forward) + stit + ute
妓女= [美國(guó)] angel’s on the street 馬路天使
superstition
n.迷信 = super + stit + ion
destitute= de(down) + stit + ute[助記](méi)越站越低,每況愈下
a.窮困的, 缺乏的= [口] poor
單詞記憶密碼之四:
追根溯源
上帝用泥土按照自己的形狀造出了人, 然后在他鼻孔里面吹了一口氣,這個(gè)人就活了.--Quoted from HolyBible
與中國(guó)女?huà)z用泥土造人一樣, 上帝也是用泥土捏人.
Eden伊甸園
Adam & Eva
Adam’s Rib
Adam’s Apple
human= hum土 + man人
humid= hum + id(表示特性的形容詞后綴)
a.濕潤(rùn)的
辨析: wet, humid, damp, moist
wet 強(qiáng)調(diào)浸潤(rùn)的狀態(tài)
humid 強(qiáng)調(diào)悶熱
damp 強(qiáng)調(diào)陰冷
moist 強(qiáng)調(diào)舒服
humble= hum +blehumble origin
humiliate= hum+ iliate
vt.(使)羞辱
exhume= ex + hum + e
=vt. 挖掘出
Inhume= in + hum + e
= vt.埋葬bury
上帝在Adam鼻孔里吹了一口氣, 土人變活人.
spirit 精神, 靈魂, 熱情-spir氣息
Aspire 渴望: A + spir +e
常用介詞搭配：for? after? to?
aspire after success/ tosucceed
expire = ex + spir + e
v.斷氣；期滿；終止
expiration date/ best before
respire = re + spir +e
v.呼吸
respirator n.呼吸器，防毒面具
SARS ?四個(gè)核心詞匯
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
AIDS ? 四個(gè)核心詞匯
獲得性免疫缺乏綜合癥
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
immune = im(not) + mune(影響,感染=move) 不能被影響的a.免疫的, 不受影響的
community = com(共同) + mun(影響) + ity(名詞) ---- 只有在一個(gè)社區(qū)中, 共同影響 ----n.社區(qū)
deficiency = de(down貶義) + fic(做) + ency(名詞)
n.缺乏, 不足
conspire: con(共同) + spir +e
一個(gè)鼻孔出氣，共謀
conspirator同謀者
conspiracy共謀, 陰謀
inspire: in + spir +e
vt. 吸(氣), 鼓舞, 感動(dòng), 激發(fā), 啟示, 使生靈感
e.g. This teacher inspires us with great courage.
inspiration n. 靈感,創(chuàng)意
perspire: per + spir +eperspiration
Success = 99% Perspiration + 1% Inspiration
人類歷史上第一次殺人
在圣經(jīng)舊約創(chuàng)世紀(jì)一章中，亞當(dāng)夏娃被驅(qū)逐出Eden后, 生了兩個(gè)兒子Cain與Abel.哥哥Cain負(fù)責(zé)種地，弟弟Abel負(fù)責(zé)放羊。
Cain殺弟, 可謂是人類歷史上最早的homicide 殺人行為。
為什么homicide指殺人呢?
homicide=hom(human) + i +cide(cut切)
表示切的詞根: cide/cise; sect;tom
abscise=abs(away)+cise(cut)
vt.切除,脫離
precise=pre(before) + cise
a.精確的,準(zhǔn)確的
incise =in+cise
vt.切割,雕刻
incisive
a.尖刻的；一針見(jiàn)血的
pesticide=pest(害蟲(chóng))+i +cide
n.殺蟲(chóng)劑
concise =con(fully) + cise
a.簡(jiǎn)潔的, 簡(jiǎn)明的
世界上說(shuō)話最簡(jiǎn)潔的民族?
Spartan
decide=de(down)+cide決定
suicide=sui(衰)+cide 自殺
alongside一排排
coincide巧合
section
1) 部分,節(jié), 項(xiàng) 2) 區(qū), 地域 3) 截面
residential section
住宅區(qū)
sector
磁盤(pán)扇區(qū)
bisect =bi+sect
vt.切成兩分, 對(duì)(截)開(kāi)
dissect=dis(away) + sect
vt.解剖; 剖開(kāi)
insect =in + sect
n.昆蟲(chóng),截肢類動(dòng)物
transect = trans (across)+ sect
vt.橫斷, 橫切
•相交用英文如何表達(dá)?
•平行怎么說(shuō)?
•交點(diǎn)?
intersect = inter (between) + sect
v.(直線)相交, 交叉
intersection n.十字路口, 交叉點(diǎn)
parallel =para(旁邊) + llel (line)
a.平行的
除了平行的, 還有什么意思?
小翻譯: Chimpanzee's behavior is parallel to human’s.
be parallel to = be similar to
【熟義熟性】a.平行的
A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium” system,which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel withit. [1996年閱讀Text4]
run parallel to/with與...平行; 引申為同時(shí)存在。run parallel為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，類似于feelsick。
【經(jīng)典譯文】推動(dòng)技術(shù)發(fā)明的另一刺激因素來(lái)自“獎(jiǎng)賞”制度，它產(chǎn)生于我們的專利制度之前，而且多年來(lái)與后者一同實(shí)施。
【僻義熟性】a. parallel to與…類似
On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in amanner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a dailybasis as they cover and comment on the news. [2007年翻譯]
【經(jīng)典譯文】另一方面，這一科學(xué)把這些概念結(jié)合到日常生活中，這與新聞?dòng)浾呙刻靾?bào)道和評(píng)論新聞時(shí)的做法是相似的。
【僻義僻性】n.類似，相似物
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one waveafter another try to awaken us to the growing threat of globalwarming. [2005年閱讀Text2]
【經(jīng)典譯文】現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)了令人憂慮的類似景象?？茖W(xué)家們前仆后繼，試圖使我們意識(shí)到全球氣候變暖所帶來(lái)的日益嚴(yán)重的威脅。
Tom
Tom Tyler
atom=a(not)+tom
n.原子[助記](méi)不能再切分的
anatomy= a + n +a + tom 把a(bǔ)和a切開(kāi).
n.解剖,解剖學(xué)
analogy = a + n +a + logy(邏輯logic) ---把a(bǔ)和a比較的邏輯,找到兩者的相似性----n.類似, 類比
There’ re many analogies between blindly pursuing master degreeand going into prison.
盲目讀研和去監(jiān)獄有許多相似之處.
analogy = similarity
epitome=epi(表面)+ tom + e
n.梗概, 摘要
epidemic=epi(表面)+dem(人民)+ ic(形容詞)
a.流行的, 傳染的
epicenter = epi + center
n.震中
小翻譯: 震中汶川以北一百公里的北川是這次受地震破壞最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū).
A 在 B 以北
A is (in/on/to) the north of B
Beichuan, 100 kilometers to the north of the epicenter, Beijuan,was most seriously devastated/destroyed by the earthquake.
更多地震詞匯
搜救犬
sniffer dogs
生命探測(cè)儀
life-detection instrument
余震
aftershock
地震帶
earthquake belt=seismic belt
democracy =dem(底層人民)+ o + cracy(統(tǒng)治)
n.民主
demonstrate/demonstration
=dem底民 + on + str(street) + ate
1）人民在街上游行示威
2）展示，顯示= demo
Homer Epic 荷馬史詩(shī)
上部：ILIAD---- cord 心
下部：ODYSSEY---- Odyssey 冒險(xiǎn)
本田公司的這款車Accord不僅在中國(guó)非常暢銷，在歐美也十分暢銷。這是一款是家用經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車，其英文的確切含義是什么呢？
accord=ac（to） + cord心
車隨心動(dòng)，隨心所欲
（常與with連用）一致；符合
His opinion accorded with mine.
（常與to連用）根據(jù)
Most students study and rest according to schedules.
漢語(yǔ) ‘和睦相處’可以翻譯為？
翻譯一：to live in harmony
翻譯二：to live in concord
concord=con (一起)+ cord心。大家心往一處想，當(dāng)然就和諧，和睦了。
cord表示心，同源詞有:
core n.果核, 中心, 核心
cordial熱忱的, 衷心的, 興奮的
cordial thanks
衷心的感激
record = re再次 + cord心
vt記錄
recorder
n.記錄員，錄音（像）機(jī)
discord=dis(=away分開(kāi)) + cord
n.不和諧, 意見(jiàn)不合, 嘈雜聲,
上部ILIAD就是由 Apple of Discord 不和諧的蘋(píng)果而引起。
Goddess of Discord不和諧女神
Hera赫拉, Athena雅典娜, Aphrodite愛(ài)神 (Venus))
Trojan horse=hidden danger隱藏的危險(xiǎn)
Apple of Discord
=source of disaster 災(zāi)難之源
Judgment of Paris
=愛(ài)美人不愛(ài)江山
Helene of Troy
紅顏禍水
Trojan horse=hidden danger隱藏的危險(xiǎn)
Achilles’ heel
致命的弱點(diǎn)(fatal weakness)
fate命運(yùn)---doom厄運(yùn) 【諧音】堵門(mén)
cord, d脫落，變?yōu)閏or, cour
core n.果核, 中心, 核心
encourage= en(in) + cour + age
vt.鼓勵(lì)
discourage=dis(away) + cour(心) + age
vt使氣餒, 使失去勇氣
從心靈到肉體的轉(zhuǎn) cord-corp
cord心死了，人就變成了肉體corp(d顛倒過(guò)來(lái)了)
corp=body肉體，軀體
corps 特種兵，軍團(tuán)
(在軍隊(duì)里面不需要你有思想，只需要你的肉體。)
corpse =corp + se(色)
n.尸體
corporate a.公司的，法人的，社團(tuán)的
corporation n. 法人公司= legal person
Accord本田讓歐美消費(fèi)著聯(lián)想起來(lái)荷馬史詩(shī)的上部<iliad>.
那么Odyesey自然就讓消費(fèi)者聯(lián)想起荷馬史詩(shī)的下部<Odyssey>.
Odyssey=Odysseus + journey
Odysseus獻(xiàn)出木馬計(jì)，因此受海神Poseidon懲罰，在地中海漂流十年不得回家。
An extended adventurous voyage or trip.
一次大范圍的冒險(xiǎn)或旅行
Penelope’s Web=endless job 做不完的工作
用Odyssey來(lái)命名商務(wù)車再恰當(dāng)不過(guò)的。常年在外漂泊的職業(yè)經(jīng)理人，不管旅途多么艱辛，最終都能安全回到家的港灣，這種文化的美好聯(lián)想，也促使了歐美人把錢(qián)掏出腰包。
相比之下中國(guó)車名就俗氣得多：吉利，海馬，奇瑞，QQ,完全沒(méi)有英語(yǔ)文化內(nèi)涵，這樣的車怎么能走向國(guó)際化呢？
相關(guān)詞根
Odyssey是什么類型的車?
A. Truck B.Sedan C.SUV D MPV
MPV ？
Multi-purpose Vehicle
MPV是Mini PassengerVan的縮寫(xiě)，本意是小型乘用廂式車，后來(lái)由法國(guó)雷諾公司對(duì)這種車型進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)，把折疊的概念引入了第二和第三排座椅，所以從那之后MPV又有了新的含義Multi-PurposeVehicle，強(qiáng)調(diào)了多功能性，是集轎車、旅行車和商務(wù)車于一身的車型。
核心前綴:multi (多) = poly
小翻譯: 多媒體
Multiple + media = multimedia
小翻譯: 彩信 MMS
Multimedia Messaging Service
小翻譯: 彩鈴 PRT
Polyphonic Ring-tone
multiply = multi+ply(＝plic折疊)
v.繁殖, 乘, 增加
Multinational = multi + national
a.多國(guó)家的, 跨國(guó)家的
MNCs ?
Multinational Corporations 跨國(guó)大型企業(yè)
一葉落知天下秋
反義對(duì)生詞根 lev輕 – grav重
樹(shù)葉leaf
元音互換: lief, lof,
leaves
元音互換: liev, lev
由‘輕’派生出第二個(gè)含義‘ 升起 ’ 。
relief
re(again) + lief 再次變輕松n.
1)心情輕松；2)救濟(jì)。
I felt great relief when I heard I had passed theexamination.
to send relief to flood victims
將救濟(jì)物資運(yùn)送給遭受水災(zāi)的災(zāi)民
relieve vt.解脫；救濟(jì)(核心詞匯)
relieve sb. from anxiety
消除某人的憂慮
relieve the people in flood-stricken area
救濟(jì)水災(zāi)區(qū)的人們
i - o互換
loft 閣樓
辨析：aloft, lofty
alone(物理上) --- lonely(心理上)
aloft --- lofty
He is lofty professor.
他思想崇高的教授.
The flag was flying aloft.
旗幟在高高地飄揚(yáng).
levy
征稅（使統(tǒng)治階級(jí)過(guò)得更輕松）
lever
杠桿（用輕的東西可以翹起重的東西)
He used friendship as a lever to obtain advancement.
leverage杠桿作用
翻譯:1電梯2電梯
1. escalator
自動(dòng)扶梯=e(ex) + scal(scale刻度,等級(jí)) +ator
核心動(dòng)詞: escalate
1)（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）逐步升級(jí) scale by scale
2)（物價(jià)）逐步上漲
小翻譯: 中國(guó)的生活成本正在逐步上漲.
The cost of living is escalating in China.
2. elevator = [英] lift (來(lái)自loft)
升降電梯=e(ex)+ lev(升起) + ator
核心動(dòng)詞: elevate
vt. 1) 舉起, 2) 振奮, 3)提升...的職位
小翻譯: 振奮人心的講話
the elevating speech
北京—廣州—上海 METRO 比較
06年4月,上海地鐵與倫敦地鐵cultural exchange
Auguries of Innocence
天真的預(yù)言
William Blake
(19世紀(jì)初英國(guó)詩(shī)人，死后憑借下面四行詩(shī)，享譽(yù)全球。)
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower.
To hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in a hour.
王佐良的譯文：
從一粒沙看世界，
從一朵花看天堂。
把永恒納進(jìn)一個(gè)時(shí)辰，
把無(wú)限握在自己手心。
Frank的譯文：
一沙看世界，
一花窺天堂。
擎無(wú)限于掌間，
化永恒于瞬間。
來(lái)自于墳?zāi)沟脑~根
grave
n.墳?zāi)梗?/p>
a.嚴(yán)肅的；嚴(yán)重的
grav詞根表示重
gravity 地心引力, 重力; 莊嚴(yán), 莊重, 嚴(yán)肅
元音互換，f-v互換
grief－－relief
n.悲痛, 傷心事, 不幸, 憂傷
[助記](méi) 使心情沉重
Friends double joys and divide grieves.
朋友能讓歡樂(lè)加倍, 憂愁減半
grief的反義詞是relief
relieve的反義詞是什么？
grieve為….而傷心，悲痛
night-shift夜班
graveyard-shift ？？？
大夜班（午夜2點(diǎn)以后）
反義對(duì)生
alleviate =al + levi + ate v緩解疼痛、癥狀
aggravate = ag + grav + ate v.惡化，加重
engrave
雕刻；銘記=en+ grave
Freud asked his daughter to engrave in the gravestone the lines----“He solved the Sphinx riddle.”
The experience was engraved into his memory.
這經(jīng)歷銘刻在他記憶里
Flora:古羅馬神話中的花神; 在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)里指代 “植物”。
Flora:古羅馬神話中的花神; 在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)里指代 “植物”。
衍生詞根: flor, flour, flo 都表示花，植物
flower
n.花，精華(the flower of youth），
florid
a.華麗的, 眩目的。
世界上一個(gè)花之城,一個(gè)花之州：
美國(guó)的Florida州
意大利的Florence
flourish
v.（像花一樣）茂盛，興旺. 尤其指植物的茂盛．
辨析 flourish, thrive, prosper, swell
The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list,and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once_________.
［A］thrived［B］swelled
［C］prospered ［D］flourished
以下是發(fā)源于河流的單詞
thrive= th + rive (river) v.(動(dòng)物)大量繁衍, 繁殖
rival = riv+ al n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者, 對(duì)手 vt.競(jìng)爭(zhēng), 相匹敵
rivalry = rival + ry n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)，敵對(duì)狀態(tài)
derive =de(down) + rive
vi.起源(from) = originate from
vt.獲得 = acquire
小翻譯: 從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)
To derive a lesson from a failure
strive = st (stand)+ rive (river) 站在河邊努力想過(guò)河流
strive (for) 努力獲得 = st (stand) + riv
寫(xiě)作超級(jí)經(jīng)典高分寫(xiě)作句型: 被動(dòng)+ 從句+ 短語(yǔ)+ 核心詞匯
Nothing can be ensured only when you turn your complaints ofenvironment into the courage striving for the best.
只有當(dāng)你把對(duì)環(huán)境的抱怨變?yōu)樽非笞吭降挠職鈺r(shí)，你才能成功。
arrive = ar + rive
1) 到達(dá)…
2) 獲得（結(jié)果） ~ at
小翻譯: 經(jīng)過(guò)2周的談判, 兩國(guó)終于達(dá)成了協(xié)議.
After two weeks of negotiation, two nations finally arrived atan agreement.
arrive的名詞?
arrival
-al 1) 形容詞后綴: global, personal
2)名詞后綴.
請(qǐng)把下列動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~:
approve, refuse, survive, deny
去e + al, 改y為i +al
approval, refusal, survival, denial
strive (for) 努力獲得 = st (stand) + riv
As an industry, biotechnology stands to _________ electronics indollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by2020.［A］contend ［B］contest
［C］rival［D］strive
contest 通常用作名詞, 或不及物動(dòng)詞表示“比賽” 例如:
a beauty contest 選美比賽
小翻譯: 勢(shì)均力敵的比賽
A close contest
單詞組記: contest, testify, protest, testimony
test做單詞表示 “測(cè)試”; 做詞根表示 “證明”.
test考試是證明自己能力的一個(gè)方式
contest = con + test [助記](méi) 通過(guò)比賽共同來(lái)證明自己的能力 v. n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng), 比賽
testify = test + ify(動(dòng)詞)
vt.證明；法庭作證
protest = pro(forward) + test[助記](méi)人民走向前向政府抗議
v.n. 抗議; 堅(jiān)決主張
testimony = test + i + mony (money) [助記](méi)證明我偷了你的錢(qián)n.證 單詞記憶密碼之五
隱性詞根：你看不見(jiàn)的SC
obscure=ob(否定) + sc(看) + ure(后綴)
a. 1) 不清楚的；2) 難以理解的; 3) 不出名的
在任何一本詞根詞綴書(shū)上都找不到sc表示看，憑什么說(shuō)sc表示看？
例證:
scan細(xì)讀
skim略讀c-k互換
scene場(chǎng)景
scope視野范圍
obstruct堵塞；妨礙
= ob(against)+ struct (construct建設(shè))
sc兩個(gè)含義:1) （眼）看； 2）（刀）切
1) 看
scene n.場(chǎng)景
obscene: ob不能 + sc看+ ene 某個(gè)鏡頭不能看的
a. 淫穢的, 猥褻的
scanner = scan + ner n.掃描儀
scenery n.景色，風(fēng)景
landscape n.風(fēng)景；風(fēng)景畫(huà)，風(fēng)景照片
scrutiny n.細(xì)看，仔細(xì)審閱
rescue= re(back) + sc(看) + ue 看見(jiàn)你把你營(yíng)救回來(lái): vt. 援救, 搜救
schedule n. 時(shí)刻表, 進(jìn)度表 (sch= sc, h不發(fā)音)
2)切
scar傷疤
skull骷髏頭c-k互換
skeleton骨骼，梗概
scalpel手術(shù)刀
scissors 剪刀
scarf圍巾（切下來(lái)的一塊方形布）
scarlet鮮紅的（切開(kāi)肉，看見(jiàn)鮮紅的血）
scanty
不足的，少量的 (被切掉了，就不足)
scarce
不足的，希缺的 資源希缺resources scarcity n.
score n. v. 刻痕，劃線; 記號(hào); 樂(lè)譜; 得分
sculpture v.雕刻; n. 雕塑品
scrap n. 小片，小塊；碎屑
scrape v. n. 刮, 擦, 擦痕
scrape through v.勉強(qiáng)度過(guò)
scare: 拿刀切人: vt.讓人恐怖 I’mscared.
辨析：blame, scold 哪個(gè)責(zé)備更嚴(yán)厲 ?
scold= sc + old 老人說(shuō)的話就像刀切在你身上一樣
blame=blow(吹風(fēng))+ ame(詞尾)
scatter v. 分散, 散開(kāi)（被切開(kāi)了, 當(dāng)然就散開(kāi)了）
schism = sch(=sc切) + ism n.(基督教會(huì))分裂
scratch vt.抓, 撓; n.抓痕
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ) :
scratch the surface of
淺嘗即止, 沒(méi)有深入了解
神奇字母P(手)
P這個(gè)字母代表手
palm n.掌；棕櫚樹(shù)（張開(kāi)的手掌很像棕櫚的葉子）
許多P開(kāi)頭的單詞都與手有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系
put放置, punch 拳擊, pass傳遞, press按, pick 采, poke 捅, pack打包,point指向, pitch 投擲, pinch 掐, plot 策劃, pry 撬, polish 擦亮, play打(球),plant 種植, plug 把……插入
push---pull
一個(gè)表示用手推，一個(gè)表示用手拉
peep = p + ee(eye) + p
雙手遮雙目, 引申為偷看，偷窺 == peek
中文的 ‘看’ 不正是‘手’ 在 ‘目’ 上嗎？
peeping Tom
偷窺狂
暴露狂 ?
flasher
ee 這兩個(gè)字母就人的a pair of eyes
許多包含ee的單詞也與眼睛有關(guān)
see 看見(jiàn), sightseeing 觀光, oversee 監(jiān)督,
foresee 預(yù)見(jiàn)
meet 遇見(jiàn), seem 看起來(lái)象, peep偷看, peer盯著, weep哭泣,
seek 尋覓 , sleep 睡, asleep 睡著了, leer 瞟,送秋菠, greedy 覬覦
以下的五組以P 開(kāi)頭的詞根都由手派生而來(lái)
1) 用手推 :pel=push
1) 用手推 :pel=push
propel =pro (forward) + pel 向前推
vt.推進(jìn)，驅(qū)使
propeller
n. 推進(jìn)器，螺旋槳
repel=re(back) + pel 向回推
vt.擊退，抵制，使厭惡
impel=im + pel 向心里推
vt. 推動(dòng)，(內(nèi)心)激勵(lì)
expel = ex + pel
vt.驅(qū)逐,開(kāi)除；發(fā)射
dispel = dis (away) + pel 驅(qū)散
小翻譯：驅(qū)散烏云
dispel dark clouds
小翻譯：消除所有疑慮
dispel all doubts
compel=com(fully完全)+ pel ---vt.強(qiáng)迫
[4次] 全部是: be compelled to do…
= be forced to do… 被迫做…..
pul=pel e-u互換
pulse 脈搏，激情
impulse [5次] = im+ pul + se 往內(nèi)心里推
n. 沖動(dòng)，動(dòng)機(jī)
out of charitable impulse
出于慈善的動(dòng)機(jī)
impulse shopping 沖動(dòng)型購(gòu)物
= buying sth. on impulse 出于沖動(dòng)
repulse 擊退，排斥 n. v.＝ repel v.
2) pos用手放置=put
單詞組記:
impose, expose
dispose, propose
proposal, proposition
suppose, compose, composite, opposite
impose---expose
impose=im（in）+ pose（put）
1“把……強(qiáng)加”，?？冀?jīng)典詞組 impose something. on sb
小翻譯:老板給我施加了巨大的壓力。
The boss imposed tremendous pressure on me.
小翻譯: 禁止人體克隆.
impose a ban on human cloning.
2“征稅”
例：A new tax has been imposed on the wine.
對(duì)酒類又增加了一個(gè)新的稅收
expose = ex( out) + pose (put)
1 暴露，曝光; 接觸
?？荚~組: exposed to = [名詞] exposure to
小翻譯: 接觸很大的噪音會(huì)造成部分失聰,或完全而聾.
Exposure to loud noise can produce a partial or complete loss ofhearing.
propose--- dispose
propose=pro（forward）+ pose（put）
1“建議” 如:He proposes to go for a picnic.
2“提名推薦”，如: be proposed as a candidate 被推薦為候選人
3“求婚”
辨析：proposal; proposition
proposal提議=suggestions, advices
proposition 主張, 命題=statement
dispose=dis（away）+ pose（put）
1. vi. “處理”，dispose of the garbage 處理垃圾
2. vt. “布置，安排（具體人或東西）”諸葛亮把關(guān)羽，張飛，趙云安排在不同的位置。
區(qū)別: dispose, furnish
1. “布置（房間）”，
It cost us a lot of money to furnish the new apartment.
布置房間花了我們很多錢(qián)。
同源詞: fur n. (動(dòng)物)皮毛
furniture n.家具
2“供應(yīng)，提供”，
The company can furnish you with every details.
公司可以提供給你每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。
成語(yǔ): Man proposes, God disposes !
謀事在人, 成事在天
suppose=sup（=sub向下）+ pose（put）把一些東西擺下面，沒(méi)有成熟
1 “料想，假想”
As she is not here, I suppose that she must have gonehome.
由于他并不在這里，我想他已經(jīng)回家了。
2 “假定，認(rèn)為”
be supposed to（原意被假定）本應(yīng)該= should
You are supposed to complete this mission before thedeadline.
你應(yīng)該在最后期限以前完成這份任務(wù).
oppose = op(ob=against) + pose
1) vt. 反對(duì) oppose the death penality
2) vi. 反對(duì) opposed to the capital punishment = [口] be against
3) 短語(yǔ): as opposed to [3次] = 與之相比, 與之對(duì)照
Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed tomembers of their clique, pop stars and vauntedathletes.[2007年閱讀新題型]
[翻譯]孩子需要各種各樣真實(shí)的榜樣---而不是他小圈子里的成員,也不是明星或受到吹捧的運(yùn)動(dòng)員.
超綱詞: clique小集團(tuán)(=click鎖門(mén)聲);
vaunt 吹噓, 夸耀 = v(嘴)+ aunt(姑媽)
voice聲音, vocal嗓音的, vocalist歌手, verbal口頭的
詞根延長(zhǎng): posit=pos(put)+ it
position
1“職位” apply for aposition申請(qǐng)一個(gè)職位
2“立場(chǎng)”
the position on nuclearweapons 對(duì)核武器的立場(chǎng)
deposit =de（down）+ posit（put）
1 vt.“儲(chǔ)蓄”
小翻譯: 存錢(qián)&取錢(qián)
deposit & withdraw money in the bank
2 n.“存款” 小翻譯: 儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶
deposit account
3 vt.存放”，to deposit the important file with his lawyer把重要的文件存放在他的律師那里
4 n.“押金” the deposit forbuying a house
5 vt. (地理上的)“沉積”; n.“沉積物”
composite=com（together）+ posit（put）+ e
a.拼合成的，復(fù)合成的
The police used a composite photo to identify the suspect.警察使用了一張合成照片來(lái)確認(rèn)嫌疑犯.
opposite=op（against）+ posite（put）
1. a. 相反的（方位上）
opposite opinions = contrary views相反的觀點(diǎn)）
2. prep(介詞) . “在對(duì)面”
例：I live opposite the bank.我住在銀行對(duì)面。
3. n. “對(duì)立物”
Black is the opposite of white. 黑與白是對(duì)立物。
3) pon用手放置=put
postpone= post(后) + pone 往后放
vt.推遲 = put off
P.S. ?
= postscript n.附言, 又及.
proponent = pro(向前支持) + pon + ent
n. 建議者, 支持者
小翻譯: pros & cons
辯論中的正方反方; 事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)
opponent = op(against) + pon + ent
n.對(duì)手, 反對(duì)者; adj. 對(duì)立的, 對(duì)抗的
小翻譯: Tyson knocked his opponent out in the first round.
泰森第一回合就把對(duì)手擊倒了.
4) pend用手掛起來(lái)=hang=hand
pending 掛起來(lái)的，引申為‘懸而未決的’
suspend = sus下面 + pend 掛在樹(shù)下（上吊, 停止了生命）
vt. 停止，暫緩
suspense novel
懸疑片（Prison Break）
suspend a death penalty/execution
暫緩死刑
appendix = ap(強(qiáng)調(diào)) + pend(掛) + ix: 掛上去
n.（器官）闌尾
（文件）附錄；
pendulum=pend+ ulu(象形:擺動(dòng)的鐘擺) + m
ponderous a.笨重的，行動(dòng)遲緩的 [諧音]“胖得要死”
5 ) pend, pens 用手付錢(qián)= pay
expend = ex + pend 往外支付
vt.花費(fèi)
辨析: expense, expenditure
expenditure（政府）支出
public expenditure 公共開(kāi)支
expense （個(gè)人）支出，引伸義‘代價(jià)’。
at the expense of = at the cost of
pension n.養(yǎng)老金[助記](méi)每年付給老人的錢(qián)
‘來(lái)也匆匆，去也沖沖’
我們經(jīng)常在廁所里面看到這樣的話 ‘來(lái)也匆匆，去也沖沖’。
這句廣告之所以深入人心，是因?yàn)椤畞?lái)’與‘去’對(duì)應(yīng)；‘匆匆’與‘沖沖’押韻。
廣州某個(gè)賓館英文翻譯的：
Please flush the toilet when you have yourself pleased.
Frank翻譯：
come in a rush, go with a flush.
come與go對(duì)應(yīng)，rush與flush押韻，同時(shí)rush(急匆匆)精準(zhǔn)傳達(dá)了人們被生理需求逼迫時(shí)，匆匆入廁地情景.
為什么flush有 ‘沖洗’ 的含義呢？
fl隱含詞根的兩層基本含義含義：
1a)（水）流動(dòng)；1b)（風(fēng)）吹動(dòng)；
2） 火光飛舞
1a）流動(dòng)
1a）流動(dòng)
flush
1)（用水）沖洗；
2) 臉紅 (血都流到了臉上)
3) 同花順（相同花色的牌,大小連接都流到了一起）
?？级陶Z(yǔ)：flush with與…平齊
The river is flush with its banks.
flow
v.流動(dòng) (無(wú)阻力)
float
v.飄流，漂浮(有阻力) ; 貨幣的浮動(dòng)(引申義)
The logs float down the river.
木頭沿河漂流。
the floating RMB
匯率浮動(dòng)的人民幣
fluctuate
v. (如水中的波浪一樣) 波動(dòng)，起伏
小翻譯：蔬菜和水果的價(jià)格隨季節(jié)而波動(dòng)。
The prices of vegetable and fruit fluctuate according to theseason.
flood n.洪水；大量；v.泛濫
小翻譯: 人事經(jīng)理面試了大量的求職者.
HR manager has interviewed a flood of applicants.
fl---flu 詞根
fluent = flu + ent(形容詞)
流利的，流暢的
flu 流感
fluid= flu + id(形容詞)
a. 液體的，流動(dòng)的，變化的
例如: valid, florid, candid
fluid assets.
流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)
fluid opinions
易變的意見(jiàn)
affluent = af (強(qiáng)調(diào)) + flu + ent (形容詞) 金錢(qián)不斷的流動(dòng):a.豐富的, 富裕的 [近] wealthy
1b) fl飛舞，風(fēng)吹動(dòng)
§fly飛翔；蒼蠅
§flight 飛行（人類最初的飛行，也是借助風(fēng)力）
§flexible 柔韌的，靈活的（風(fēng)能吹彎）
§flextime
§彈性上班制
§flap （為了起飛）拍打(翅膀)
§flat 平坦的（風(fēng)吹過(guò)的沙漠是平坦的）
§flatter 過(guò)分稱贊（在人耳邊吹贊美的風(fēng)）
§flavor 風(fēng)味（風(fēng)吹來(lái)的氣味）
§flock vt.飛到一起 n.大量；（鳥(niǎo)、獸）群
§a flock of sheep
小翻譯: (動(dòng))物以類聚，人以群分。
Birds of a feather flock together;
people of a mind fall into the same group.
紅旗迎風(fēng)招展如何表達(dá)？
The red flag flaunt in the wind.
flutter揮舞，飄動(dòng)= fl + utter(詞尾無(wú)意義)
flaunt揮動(dòng), 飄揚(yáng)= fl + aunt(詞尾無(wú)意義)
vaunt=v(說(shuō)) + aunt 吹噓，吹捧
daunt=d (down) + aunt vt. 嚇倒；使沮喪。
憑什么說(shuō)v是個(gè)表示說(shuō)的‘隱性詞根’?
神奇的字母 V表示用嘴 ‘說(shuō)’
verbal口頭的,
voice聲音
vowel元音
vow發(fā)誓
verse詩(shī)歌
voc-說(shuō)
vocal a.發(fā)嗓音的, 聲音的, 有聲的, 歌唱的
vocalist歌手
vocation （教師）職業(yè)；（牧師）天職
voc=vokc-k 互換
voc=vokc-k 互換
單詞組記: provoke, revoke, invoke, evoke, advocate
provoke= pro + voke
vt. 激怒, 挑撥, 煽動(dòng)
revoke=re(back) + voke
vt. 撤回, 廢除, 宣告無(wú)效
invoke=in + voke 心里說(shuō)
vt. 乞求神靈；懇求
evoke=e(ex)+ voke
vt. 喚起, 激發(fā)起
advocate=ad + voc +ate
vt.提倡,鼓吹; n. 倡導(dǎo)者, 鼓吹者
詞, (法庭)口供
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程教學(xué)要求（試行）積極詞匯表
A
abandon
ability
abroad
absence
absent
absolute
absorb
abstract
accelerate
accept
acceptable
access
accompany
accomplish
accord
account
accumulate
accurate
accuse
achieve
acid
acknowledge
acquaint
acquire
act
action
active
activity
actual
adapt
add
addition
adequate
adjust
admire
admit
adopt
advance
advanced
advantage
adventure
advertise
advice
advise
advocate
affair
affect
afford
afraid
afterwards
agenda
agreement
ahead
aid
aim
alert
alike
alive
alone
aloud
alter
alternative
although
altogether
ambition
ambitious
among/amongst
amount
amuse
amusement
amusing
analysis
analyze
ancient
anger
angle
angry
annoy
annual
anticipate
anxiety
anxious
apart
apologize
apology
apparent
appeal
appear
appetite
applaud
applause
apply
appoint
appreciate
appreciation
approach
appropriate
approval
approve
approximate
approximately
arbitrary
argue
argument
arise
arouse
arrange
arrest
arrival
article
artificial
ashamed
aside
asleep
aspect
aspiration
aspire
assemble
assess
assign
assist
associate
association
assume
assure
astonish
attach
attack
attain
attempt
attend
attention
attitude
attract
attractive
attribute
authority
available
average
avoid
awake
aware
awkward
B
background
backward
backwards
bake
balance
ban
band
bank
bar
bare
barely
bargain
barrier
base
basic
basis
bath
bathe
battle
bear
beat
beg
behalf
behave
behavior
belief
believe
belong
bend
beneath
benefit
besides
betray
bias
bill
bind
bit
bite
bitter
blame
bleed
bless
blind
block
blow
board
boast
boil
bold
bond
boom
boost
border
bored
boring
born
bound
boundary
bow
branch
brave
breath
breathe
breed
bribe
brief
brink
broad
broadcast
broken
brush
build
bunch
bundle
burden
burn
burst
bury
C
calculate
calm
campaign
cancel
capable
capacity
capital
carry
case
cash
catch
category
cause
cease
celebrate
center
central
certain
certainly
chain
challenge
champion
chance
channel
character
charge
chase
cheat
check
cheer
cheerful
chemical
chief
choice
choose
circle
circular
circumstance
cite
civil
claim
clarify
classic
climb
cling
clumsy
coarse
collapse
colleague
collect
combination
combine
comfort
command
commence
comment
commission
commit
commitment
committee
common
communicate
community
company
compare
comparison
compatible
compel
compensate
compete
competent
competition
complain
complaint
complete
complex
complicate
complicated
component
compose
compound
comprehensive
comprise
compromise
compute
conceal
concentrate
concept
concern
concerning
conclude
conclusion
condition
conduct
confess
confidence
confident
confine
confirm
conflict
conform
confront
confuse
congratulate
connect
conquer
conscience
conscious
consent
consequence
consider
considerable
consideration
considering
consist
constant
constitute
construct
consult
consume
contact
contain
contemporary
content
context
continue
continuous
contract
contrary
contrast
contribute
contribution
control
controversial
controversy
convenient
convention
conventional
conversation
convert
convey
convince
cook
cool
cooperate
coordinate
copy
corporate
correct
correspond
correspondence
corruption
cost
cough
could
count
counter
country
countryside
couple
courage
course
court
cover
crack
crash
creation
creative
creature
credit
creep
crime
cripple
crisis
critic
critical
criticism
criticize
cross
crowd
crucial
cruel
cruelty
crush
cry
cultivate
curb
cure
curiosity
curious
curl
current
curse
cushion
custom
cut
cycle
D
daily
damage
dangerous
dare
dark
data
date
dead
deaf
deal
debate
debt
decade
decay
deceit
deceive
decide
decision
declare
decline
decorate
decoration
decrease
deep
defeat
defend
defense
define
definite
degree
delay
deliberate
deliberately
delicate
delicious
delight
deliver
demand
demonstrate
deny
depend
dependent
depress
depth
derive
descend
describe
description
desert
deserve
design
desirable
desire
despair
despite
destroy
destruction
destructive
detail
detect
determination
determine
develop
device
devote
devotion
differ
difference
different
difficult
difficulty
dig
dimension
dip
direct
direction
dirty
disabled
disadvantage
disagree
disappear
disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
disaster
disastrous
discard
disclose
discount
discourage
discover
discovery
discriminate
discuss
discussion
disease
disgust
disgusting
disillusion
dismiss
display
disposal
dispose
dispute
distance
distant
distinct
distinguish
distort
distribute
district
disturb
dive
diverse
divert
divide
division
divorce
domestic
dominate
double
doubt
download
dozen
drag
drain
draw
dream
dress
drown
drug
due
dull
dump
duration
during
duty
dwarf
dynamic
E
eager
earn
ease
economic
edge
edit
educate
education
effect
effective
efficient
effort
either
elastic
elder
elect
election
electric
electricity
electronic
eliminate
embarrass
embrace
emerge
emergency
emotion
emotional
emphasis
emphasize/-ise
employ
employment
empty
enable
enclose
encounter
encourage
encouragement
energetic
energy
enforce
engage
engineer
enhance
enjoy
enjoyable
enormous
enough
enrich
enroll
ensure
enter
entertain
entertainment
entire
entitle
entrance
envelop
environment
envy
equal
equality
equip
equipment
equivalent
escape
especially
essential
establish
establishment
estate
estimate
ethnic
evaluate
eventually
everywhere
evidence
evident
evil
evolve
exact
exaggerate
examination
examine
example
exceed
excellent
except
excess
exchange
excite
exciting
exclude
excuse
exercise
exhibit
exist
existence
expand
expect
expectation
expense
expensive
experience
expert
explain
explanation
explicit
explode
exploit
explore
explosion
explosive
export
expose
exposure
express
expression
extend
extra
extraordinary
extreme
F
facilitate
fade
failure
faint
fair
fairly
faith
faithful
false
fame
familiar
famous
fan
fancy
fare
fashion
fashionable
fast
fasten
fat
fate
fault
favo(u)r
favo(u)rable
favo(u)rite
fear
feature
feed
female
fever
field
fierce
fight
figure
file
finance
financial
fit
fix
flash
flat
flexible
float
flood
flow
fluctuate
focus
fold
fond
fool
forbid
force
foreign
forget
forgive
form
formal
former
forth
fortunate
fortune
forward
foundation
framework
free
freedom
freeze
frequent
fresh
friendly
frighten
from
front
frown
fry
fuel
fulfil(l)
fun
function
fundamental
furnish
further
furthermore
G
gain
gamble
gap
gather
gear
general
generally
generate
generation
generous
gentle
global
glory
glue
goal
golden
goods
govern
grace
graceful
gradual
graduate
grand
grant
grasp
grateful
great
greed
greedy
greet
grief
grind
ground
grow
growth
guarantee
guard
guess
guidance
guide
guideline
guilt
H
habit
handle
hang
happen
harden
hardly
hardship
harm
harmful
harness
harvest
hate
hatred
have
heal
health
healthy
hear
heavy
height
hence
hesitate
hide
high
highlight
hinder
hint
hire
historical
hit
hobby
hold
hollow
holy
honest
honesty
hono(u)r
hook
hopeful
hopeless
horizon
horizontal
host
humble
humo(u)r
humorous
hunger
hungry
hunt
hurry
hurt
I
ice
idea
ideal
identical
identify
idle
if
ignorance
ignorant
ignore
illegal
illness
illusion
illustrate
image
imaginary
imagination
imagine
imitate
immediate
immediately
immense
immune
impact
implement
implicit
imply
importance
important
impose
impossible
impress
impression
impressive
improve
incident
incline
include
increase
indeed
independence
independent
index
indicate
indication
indispensable
individual
indoor
induce
industrial
inevitable
infect
infection
infectious
infer
influence
influential
inform
information
inherent
inherit
initial
initiative
injure
injury
innocent
input
inquire/enquire
insect
insert
inside
insight
insist
inspect
inspiration
inspire
instance
instant
instead
instinct
institute
institution
instruct
instruction
insult
insurance
insure
integrate
integrity
intelligence
intelligent
intend
intense
intention
interact
interest
interesting
interfere
intermediate
internal
internal
international
interpret
interrupt
introduce
introduction
invent
invention
invest
investigate
investment
invitation
invite
involve
inward
isolate
issue
J
jealous
joint
journal
joy
judg(e)ment
judge
jump
just
justice
justification
justify
K
keen
kick
kneel
knock
knowledge
L
label
labo(u)r
lack
ladder
lag
land
large
lately
latter
laugh
launch
law
lay
lazy
lead
lean
learn
least
leave
lecture
left
legal
lend
length
less
lesson
let
level
liberty
lie
lift
light
like
likely
likewise
limb
limit
link
list
listen
little
live
load
loan
local
locate
lock
logic
logical
lonely
loose
lose
loss
lot
loud
love
low
lower
loyal
loyalty
luck
lucky
M
mad
magic
main
maintain
majority
make
male
manage
manipulate
manner
manual
manufacture
many
march
margin
mark
marriage
married
marry
mass
master
match
matter
mature
maybe
mean
means
meantime
meanwhile
measure
mechanic
media
medical
melt
memorize/-ise
memory
mend
mental
mention
mercy
mere
merry
message
metal
method
might
migrate
mild
military
minimize/-ise
minimum
minor
minute
miracle
mirror
miserable
mix
mixture
mode
model
moderate
modern
modernize/-se
modest
modify
moment
money
monitor
monthly
mood
moral
moreover
motion
motivate
mount
move
much
multiply
murder
murder
must
mutual
mysterious
mystery
N
naked
narrow
nasty
national
native
natural
nature
nearly
neat
necessary
necessity
negative
neglect
neither
nervous
nevertheless
noble
none
norm
normal
note
notice
notion
nuclear
numerous
O
obey
object
objection
objective
obligation
observation
observe
obsession
obstacle
obtain
obvious
occasion
occupy
occur
odd
odds
offend
offensive
offer
office
official
often
omit
operate
operation
opinion
opponent
opportunity
oppose
opposite
option
optional
order
ordinary
organ
organize/ise
origin
otherwise
outcome
outdoor
outdoors
outlet
outline
output
outstanding
overall
overcome
overlook
overseas
overtake
owe
own
P
pace
pack
pain
painful
paint
pair
pale
paper
parallel
parcel
pardon
park
part
participate
particular
partly
partner
party
pass
passage
passive
past
paste
patience
patient
pattern
pause
pay
payment
peace
peaceful
peculiar
perceive
percentage
perfect
perform
performance
perhaps
period
permanent
permission
permit
persist
persistent
person
personal
personally
perspective
persuade
phase
phenomenon
physical
pick
picture
piece
pile
pin
pinch
pity
place
plague
plain
plan
plant
plastic
play
pleasant
please
pleased
pleasure
plenty
plus
point
policy
polish
polite
political
pool
popular
population
portion
pose
position
positive
possess
possession
possibility
possible
possibly
post
postpone
potential
pound
pour
poverty
power
powerful
practical
practice
practice/ice
praise
pray
precious
precise
predict
prefer
prejudice
preliminary
preparation
prepare
presence
present
preserve
press
pressure
pretend
pretest
pretty
prevail
prevent
previous
price
pride
primary
prime
principal
principle
prior
priority
private
prize
probable
probably
problem
proceed
process
produce
product
production
productive
profession
professional
profit
progress
prohibit
project
promise
promising
promote
prompt
pronounce
proof
proper
property
proportion
proposal
propose
prospect
protect
protection
protective
proud
prove
provide
provision
public
publication
publicity
publish
pull
pump
punctual
punish
punishment
purchase
pure
purpose
pursue
push
put
puzzle
Q
qualify
quality
quantity
quarrel
question
quick
quiet
quit
quite
quote
R
radical
raise
range
rank
rapid
rare
rarely
rate
rather
ratio
raw
reach
react
read
ready
real
realize/ise
really
reason
reasonable
recall
receipt
receive
recent
recently
recognition
recognize/ise
recommend
reconcile
record
recover
recruit
reduce
reduction
refer
refine
reflect
reform
refresh
refuge
refusal
refuse
regard
regarding
region
register
regret
regular
regulate
regulation
reinforce
reject
relate
related
relation
relationship
relative
relax
release
relevant
relief
relieve
religion
religious
reluctant
rely
remain
remark
remarkable
remedy
remember
remind
remove
render
rent
repair
repeat
replace
reply
report
represent
representative
reproduce
reputation
request
require
rescue
research
resemble
resent
reserve
resign
resist
resistance
resolve
resource
respect
respond
response
responsibility
responsible
rest
restore
restrain
restrict
result
retain
retire
return
reveal
reverse
review
revise
revolution
reward
rid
ride
right
rigid
ring
ripe
rise
risk
rival
roar
roast
rob
role
roll
root
rough
round
route
row
royal
rub
rubbish
rude
ruin
rule
run
rush
S
sacrifice
safe
safeguard
safety
sail
sake
sale
same
sample
satisfaction
satisfactory
satisfied
satisfy
save
saying
scale
scarce
scatter
scene
scenery
schedule
scientific
scold
scope
scrape
scratch
scream
screen
search
second
secret
section
sector
secure
seek
seem
seize
seldom
select
selfish
sense
sensible
sensitive
sentence
separate
sequence
series
serious
serve
service
settle
seventy
several
severe
sex
sexual
shade
shadow
shake
shallow
shame
shape
share
sharp
shave
shield
shift
shine
shock
shoot
short
shortage
shot
shower
shrink
shut
shy
sick
sideway
sight
sign
signal
significance
significant
silence
silent
silly
similar
simple
since
sincere
sing
single
singular
sink
situation
size
skill
skillful
sleep
slide
slight
slip
slippery
slow
smart
smell
smile
smoke
smooth
soar
social
society
soft
sole
solid
solution
solve
somehow
somewhat
somewhere
sorrow
sorry
sort
sound
sour
source
sow
space
spare
spark
speak
special
specialist
specific
specify
speed
spell
spend
spill
spin
spirit
spit
spite
splendid
split
spoil
sport
spot
spread
spring
square
stabilize/-ise
stable
staff
stage
stain
stamp
stand
standard
state
statement
statistic
status
stay
steady
steal
steep
steer
stem
step
stick
sticky
stiff
still
stimulate
sting
stir
stock
stocking
story
straight
straightforward
strange
strap
strategic
strategy
strength
strengthen
stress
stretch
strict
strike
striking
string
strip
stripe
stroke
strong
structure
struggle
stuff
stupid
style
subject
submit
subsequent
substitute
subtract
succeed
success
successful
successive
suck
sudden
suffer
sufficient
suggest
suggestion
suit
suitable
sum
summarize/-ise
supplement
supply
support
suppose
surface
surround
surrounding
survey
survive
suspect
suspend
suspicious
sustain
swallow
swear
sweep
sweet
swell
swim
swing
switch
sympathetic
sympathize/-ise
sympathy
system
T
table
tackle
tailor
tame
tap
target
taste
tear
technical
technology
temporary
tempt
tend
tendency
tender
tense
terminate
terrible
terror
theory
thereby
therefore
thick
thin
thing
think
thirst
thorough
thought
thought
thread
threat
threaten
thrive
through
throw
thus
tidy
tie
tight
tip
tire
tired
top
total
touch
tough
toward
towards
trace
trade
tradition
traditional
traffic
transfer
transform
translate
translation
transmit
transparent
transport
travel
treasure
treat
treatment
tremble
trend
trial
trick
trust
truth
tune
turn
tutor
twist
type
typical
U
ugly
ultimate
uncertain
unconscious
uncover
undergo
underlie
undermine
understand
undertake
undo
unfair
uniform
unify
union
unique
unite
universal
unless
upon
upright
upset
upward
urge
urgent
utilize/-ise
V
vain
valid
valuable
value
variety
various
vary
vehicle
veil
version
vertical
vessel
via
victory
view
viewpoint
violate
violence
violent
virtual
virtue
visible
vision
visualize/-ise
vital
volume
volunteer
vote
voyage
W
wage
wake
wander
want
warm
warmth
warn
wash
waste
watch
water
wave
weak
weaken
wealth
wear
weave
weekly
weigh
welcome
welfare
well
wet
whereas
while/whilst
whip
whisper
whistle
wicked
widespread
width
wild
win
wind
wipe
wisdom
witness
wonder
worried
worship
worth
worthwhile
wrap
wrong
Y
yearly
yield
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程教學(xué)要求（試行）積極詞匯表
A
abandon
ability
abroad
absence
absent
absolute
absorb
abstract
accelerate
accept
acceptable
access
accompany
accomplish
accord
account
accumulate
accurate
accuse
achieve
acid
acknowledge
acquaint
acquire
act
action
active
activity
actual
adapt
add
addition
adequate
adjust
admire
admit
adopt
advance
advanced
advantage
adventure
advertise
advice
advise
advocate
affair
affect
afford
afraid
afterwards
agenda
agreement
ahead
aid
aim
alert
alike
alive
alone
aloud
alter
alternative
although
altogether
ambition
ambitious
among/amongst
amount
amuse
amusement
amusing
analysis
analyze
ancient
anger
angle
angry
annoy
annual
anticipate
anxiety
anxious
apart
apologize
apology
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appear
appetite
applaud
applause
apply
appoint
appreciate
appreciation
approach
appropriate
approval
approve
approximate
approximately
arbitrary
argue
argument
arise
arouse
arrange
arrest
arrival
article
artificial
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aside
asleep
aspect
aspiration
aspire
assemble
assess
assign
assist
associate
association
assume
assure
astonish
attach
attack
attain
attempt
attend
attention
attitude
attract
attractive
attribute
authority
available
average
avoid
awake
aware
awkward
B
background
backward
backwards
bake
balance
ban
band
bank
bar
bare
barely
bargain
barrier
base
basic
basis
bath
bathe
battle
bear
beat
beg
behalf
behave
behavior
belief
believe
belong
bend
beneath
benefit
besides
betray
bias
bill
bind
bit
bite
bitter
blame
bleed
bless
blind
block
blow
board
boast
boil
bold
bond
boom
boost
border
bored
boring
born
bound
boundary
bow
branch
brave
breath
breathe
breed
bribe
brief
brink
broad
broadcast
broken
brush
build
bunch
bundle
burden
burn
burst
bury
C
calculate
calm
campaign
cancel
capable
capacity
capital
carry
case
cash
catch
category
cause
cease
celebrate
center
central
certain
certainly
chain
challenge
champion
chance
channel
character
charge
chase
cheat
check
cheer
cheerful
chemical
chief
choice
choose
circle
circular
circumstance
cite
civil
claim
clarify
classic
climb
cling
clumsy
coarse
collapse
colleague
collect
combination
combine
comfort
command
commence
comment
commission
commit
commitment
committee
common
communicate
community
company
compare
comparison
compatible
compel
compensate
compete
competent
competition
complain
complaint
complete
complex
complicate
complicated
component
compose
compound
comprehensive
comprise
compromise
compute
conceal
concentrate
concept
concern
concerning
conclude
conclusion
condition
conduct
confess
confidence
confident
confine
confirm
conflict
conform
confront
confuse
congratulate
connect
conquer
conscience
conscious
consent
consequence
consider
considerable
consideration
considering
consist
constant
constitute
construct
consult
consume
contact
contain
contemporary
content
context
continue
continuous
contract
contrary
contrast
contribute
contribution
control
controversial
controversy
convenient
convention
conventional
conversation
convert
convey
convince
cook
cool
cooperate
coordinate
copy
corporate
correct
correspond
correspondence
corruption
cost
cough
could
count
counter
country
countryside
couple
courage
course
court
cover
crack
crash
creation
creative
creature
credit
creep
crime
cripple
crisis
critic
critical
criticism
criticize
cross
crowd
crucial
cruel
cruelty
crush
cry
cultivate
curb
cure
curiosity
curious
curl
current
curse
cushion
custom
cut
cycle
D
daily
damage
dangerous
dare
dark
data
date
dead
deaf
deal
debate
debt
decade
decay
deceit
deceive
decide
decision
declare
decline
decorate
decoration
decrease
deep
defeat
defend
defense
define
definite
degree
delay
deliberate
deliberately
delicate
delicious
delight
deliver
demand
demonstrate
deny
depend
dependent
depress
depth
derive
descend
describe
description
desert
deserve
design
desirable
desire
despair
despite
destroy
destruction
destructive
detail
detect
determination
determine
develop
device
devote
devotion
differ
difference
different
difficult
difficulty
dig
dimension
dip
direct
direction
dirty
disabled
disadvantage
disagree
disappear
disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
disaster
disastrous
discard
disclose
discount
discourage
discover
discovery
discriminate
discuss
discussion
disease
disgust
disgusting
disillusion
dismiss
display
disposal
dispose
dispute
distance
distant
distinct
distinguish
distort
distribute
district
disturb
dive
diverse
divert
divide
division
divorce
domestic
dominate
double
doubt
download
dozen
drag
drain
draw
dream
dress
drown
drug
due
dull
dump
duration
during
duty
dwarf
dynamic
E
eager
earn
ease
economic
edge
edit
educate
education
effect
effective
efficient
effort
either
elastic
elder
elect
election
electric
electricity
electronic
eliminate
embarrass
embrace
emerge
emergency
emotion
emotional
emphasis
emphasize/-ise
employ
employment
empty
enable
enclose
encounter
encourage
encouragement
energetic
energy
enforce
engage
engineer
enhance
enjoy
enjoyable
enormous
enough
enrich
enroll
ensure
enter
entertain
entertainment
entire
entitle
entrance
envelop
environment
envy
equal
equality
equip
equipment
equivalent
escape
especially
essential
establish
establishment
estate
estimate
ethnic
evaluate
eventually
everywhere
evidence
evident
evil
evolve
exact
exaggerate
examination
examine
example
exceed
excellent
except
excess
exchange
excite
exciting
exclude
excuse
exercise
exhibit
exist
existence
expand
expect
expectation
expense
expensive
experience
expert
explain
explanation
explicit
explode
exploit
explore
explosion
explosive
export
expose
exposure
express
expression
extend
extra
extraordinary
extreme
F
facilitate
fade
failure
faint
fair
fairly
faith
faithful
false
fame
familiar
famous
fan
fancy
fare
fashion
fashionable
fast
fasten
fat
fate
fault
favo(u)r
favo(u)rable
favo(u)rite
fear
feature
feed
female
fever
field
fierce
fight
figure
file
finance
financial
fit
fix
flash
flat
flexible
float
flood
flow
fluctuate
focus
fold
fond
fool
forbid
force
foreign
forget
forgive
form
formal
former
forth
fortunate
fortune
forward
foundation
framework
free
freedom
freeze
frequent
fresh
friendly
frighten
from
front
frown
fry
fuel
fulfil(l)
fun
function
fundamental
furnish
further
furthermore
G
gain
gamble
gap
gather
gear
general
generally
generate
generation
generous
gentle
global
glory
glue
goal
golden
goods
govern
grace
graceful
gradual
graduate
grand
grant
grasp
grateful
great
greed
greedy
greet
grief
grind
ground
grow
growth
guarantee
guard
guess
guidance
guide
guideline
guilt
H
habit
handle
hang
happen
harden
hardly
hardship
harm
harmful
harness
harvest
hate
hatred
have
heal
health
healthy
hear
heavy
height
hence
hesitate
hide
high
highlight
hinder
hint
hire
historical
hit
hobby
hold
hollow
holy
honest
honesty
hono(u)r
hook
hopeful
hopeless
horizon
horizontal
host
humble
humo(u)r
humorous
hunger
hungry
hunt
hurry
hurt
I
ice
idea
ideal
identical
identify
idle
if
ignorance
ignorant
ignore
illegal
illness
illusion
illustrate
image
imaginary
imagination
imagine
imitate
immediate
immediately
immense
immune
impact
implement
implicit
imply
importance
important
impose
impossible
impress
impression
impressive
improve
incident
incline
include
increase
indeed
independence
independent
index
indicate
indication
indispensable
individual
indoor
induce
industrial
inevitable
infect
infection
infectious
infer
influence
influential
inform
information
inherent
inherit
initial
initiative
injure
injury
innocent
input
inquire/enquire
insect
insert
inside
insight
insist
inspect
inspiration
inspire
instance
instant
instead
instinct
institute
institution
instruct
instruction
insult
insurance
insure
integrate
integrity
intelligence
intelligent
intend
intense
intention
interact
interest
interesting
interfere
intermediate
internal
internal
international
interpret
interrupt
introduce
introduction
invent
invention
invest
investigate
investment
invitation
invite
involve
inward
isolate
issue
J
jealous
joint
journal
joy
judg(e)ment
judge
jump
just
justice
justification
justify
K
keen
kick
kneel
knock
knowledge
L
label
labo(u)r
lack
ladder
lag
land
large
lately
latter
laugh
launch
law
lay
lazy
lead
lean
learn
least
leave
lecture
left
legal
lend
length
less
lesson
let
level
liberty
lie
lift
light
like
likely
likewise
limb
limit
link
list
listen
little
live
load
loan
local
locate
lock
logic
logical
lonely
loose
lose
loss
lot
loud
love
low
lower
loyal
loyalty
luck
lucky
M
mad
magic
main
maintain
majority
make
male
manage
manipulate
manner
manual
manufacture
many
march
margin
mark
marriage
married
marry
mass
master
match
matter
mature
maybe
mean
means
meantime
meanwhile
measure
mechanic
media
medical
melt
memorize/-ise
memory
mend
mental
mention
mercy
mere
merry
message
metal
method
might
migrate
mild
military
minimize/-ise
minimum
minor
minute
miracle
mirror
miserable
mix
mixture
mode
model
moderate
modern
modernize/-se
modest
modify
moment
money
monitor
monthly
mood
moral
moreover
motion
motivate
mount
move
much
multiply
murder
murder
must
mutual
mysterious
mystery
N
naked
narrow
nasty
national
native
natural
nature
nearly
neat
necessary
necessity
negative
neglect
neither
nervous
nevertheless
noble
none
norm
normal
note
notice
notion
nuclear
numerous
O
obey
object
objection
objective
obligation
observation
observe
obsession
obstacle
obtain
obvious
occasion
occupy
occur
odd
odds
offend
offensive
offer
office
official
often
omit
operate
operation
opinion
opponent
opportunity
oppose
opposite
option
optional
order
ordinary
organ
organize/ise
origin
otherwise
outcome
outdoor
outdoors
outlet
outline
output
outstanding
overall
overcome
overlook
overseas
overtake
owe
own
P
pace
pack
pain
painful
paint
pair
pale
paper
parallel
parcel
pardon
park
part
participate
particular
partly
partner
party
pass
passage
passive
past
paste
patience
patient
pattern
pause
pay
payment
peace
peaceful
peculiar
perceive
percentage
perfect
perform
performance
perhaps
period
permanent
permission
permit
persist
persistent
person
personal
personally
perspective
persuade
phase
phenomenon
physical
pick
picture
piece
pile
pin
pinch
pity
place
plague
plain
plan
plant
plastic
play
pleasant
please
pleased
pleasure
plenty
plus
point
policy
polish
polite
political
pool
popular
population
portion
pose
position
positive
possess
possession
possibility
possible
possibly
post
postpone
potential
pound
pour
poverty
power
powerful
practical
practice
practice/ice
praise
pray
precious
precise
predict
prefer
prejudice
preliminary
preparation
prepare
presence
present
preserve
press
pressure
pretend
pretest
pretty
prevail
prevent
previous
price
pride
primary
prime
principal
principle
prior
priority
private
prize
probable
probably
problem
proceed
process
produce
product
production
productive
profession
professional
profit
progress
prohibit
project
promise
promising
promote
prompt
pronounce
proof
proper
property
proportion
proposal
propose
prospect
protect
protection
protective
proud
prove
provide
provision
public
publication
publicity
publish
pull
pump
punctual
punish
punishment
purchase
pure
purpose
pursue
push
put
puzzle
Q
qualify
quality
quantity
quarrel
question
quick
quiet
quit
quite
quote
R
radical
raise
range
rank
rapid
rare
rarely
rate
rather
ratio
raw
reach
react
read
ready
real
realize/ise
really
reason
reasonable
recall
receipt
receive
recent
recently
recognition
recognize/ise
recommend
reconcile
record
recover
recruit
reduce
reduction
refer
refine
reflect
reform
refresh
refuge
refusal
refuse
regard
regarding
region
register
regret
regular
regulate
regulation
reinforce
reject
relate
related
relation
relationship
relative
relax
release
relevant
relief
relieve
religion
religious
reluctant
rely
remain
remark
remarkable
remedy
remember
remind
remove
render
rent
repair
repeat
replace
reply
report
represent
representative
reproduce
reputation
request
require
rescue
research
resemble
resent
reserve
resign
resist
resistance
resolve
resource
respect
respond
response
responsibility
responsible
rest
restore
restrain
restrict
result
retain
retire
return
reveal
reverse
review
revise
revolution
reward
rid
ride
right
rigid
ring
ripe
rise
risk
rival
roar
roast
rob
role
roll
root
rough
round
route
row
royal
rub
rubbish
rude
ruin
rule
run
rush
S
sacrifice
safe
safeguard
safety
sail
sake
sale
same
sample
satisfaction
satisfactory
satisfied
satisfy
save
saying
scale
scarce
scatter
scene
scenery
schedule
scientific
scold
scope
scrape
scratch
scream
screen
search
second
secret
section
sector
secure
seek
seem
seize
seldom
select
selfish
sense
sensible
sensitive
sentence
separate
sequence
series
serious
serve
service
settle
seventy
several
severe
sex
sexual
shade
shadow
shake
shallow
shame
shape
share
sharp
shave
shield
shift
shine
shock
shoot
short
shortage
shot
shower
shrink
shut
shy
sick
sideway
sight
sign
signal
significance
significant
silence
silent
silly
similar
simple
since
sincere
sing
single
singular
sink
situation
size
skill
skillful
sleep
slide
slight
slip
slippery
slow
smart
smell
smile
smoke
smooth
soar
social
society
soft
sole
solid
solution
solve
somehow
somewhat
somewhere
sorrow
sorry
sort
sound
sour
source
sow
space
spare
spark
speak
special
specialist
specific
specify
speed
spell
spend
spill
spin
spirit
spit
spite
splendid
split
spoil
sport
spot
spread
spring
square
stabilize/-ise
stable
staff
stage
stain
stamp
stand
standard
state
statement
statistic
status
stay
steady
steal
steep
steer
stem
step
stick
sticky
stiff
still
stimulate
sting
stir
stock
stocking
story
straight
straightforward
strange
strap
strategic
strategy
strength
strengthen
stress
stretch
strict
strike
striking
string
strip
stripe
stroke
strong
structure
struggle
stuff
stupid
style
subject
submit
subsequent
substitute
subtract
succeed
success
successful
successive
suck
sudden
suffer
sufficient
suggest
suggestion
suit
suitable
sum
summarize/-ise
supplement
supply
support
suppose
surface
surround
surrounding
survey
survive
suspect
suspend
suspicious
sustain
swallow
swear
sweep
sweet
swell
swim
swing
switch
sympathetic
sympathize/-ise
sympathy
system
T
table
tackle
tailor
tame
tap
target
taste
tear
technical
technology
temporary
tempt
tend
tendency
tender
tense
terminate
terrible
terror
theory
thereby
therefore
thick
thin
thing
think
thirst
thorough
thought
thought
thread
threat
threaten
thrive
through
throw
thus
tidy
tie
tight
tip
tire
tired
top
total
touch
tough
toward
towards
trace
trade
tradition
traditional
traffic
transfer
transform
translate
translation
transmit
transparent
transport
travel
treasure
treat
treatment
tremble
trend
trial
trick
trust
truth
tune
turn
tutor
twist
type
typical
U
ugly
ultimate
uncertain
unconscious
uncover
undergo
underlie
undermine
understand
undertake
undo
unfair
uniform
unify
union
unique
unite
universal
unless
upon
upright
upset
upward
urge
urgent
utilize/-ise
V
vain
valid
valuable
value
variety
various
vary
vehicle
veil
version
vertical
vessel
via
victory
view
viewpoint
violate
violence
violent
virtual
virtue
visible
vision
visualize/-ise
vital
volume
volunteer
vote
voyage
W
wage
wake
wander
want
warm
warmth
warn
wash
waste
watch
water
wave
weak
weaken
wealth
wear
weave
weekly
weigh
welcome
welfare
well
wet
whereas
while/whilst
whip
whisper
whistle
wicked
widespread
width
wild
win
wind
wipe
wisdom
witness
wonder
worried
worship
worth
worthwhile
wrap
wrong
Y
yearly
yield
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