今天翻出來(lái)了以前保存的一份書單Cambridge Mathematical Reading List,貼個(gè)可下載的地址 ,9頁(yè)的PDF
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~以下為2016.1.15之前的答案~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
物理系大一在讀,目前的視野不開闊,以后可能會(huì)補(bǔ)充。
能駕馭的話強(qiáng)烈建議讀英文原版。
下載電子版可以從,, ,個(gè)人感覺(jué)這三個(gè)平臺(tái)足夠用了。
1.A Mathematician's Apology by G.H.Hardy
數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ):幾乎沒(méi)有要求
主要內(nèi)容:G.H.Hardy為數(shù)學(xué)及自己的辯白
G.H.Hardy(1877-1947),畢生追求數(shù)學(xué)的純粹和“無(wú)用”("pure" and devoid of any application,來(lái)自Wikipedia),極其反感數(shù)學(xué)被應(yīng)用于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)(讓我想起)。這本書寫于1940年,因自感在數(shù)學(xué)方面難以再有所創(chuàng)造而寫下這本書。從§1開頭可一窺寫書時(shí)的心境:
It is a melancholy experience for a professional mathematician to find himself writing about mathematics. The function of a mathematician is to do something, to prove new theorems, to add to mathematics, and not to talk about what he or other mathematicians have done.
試譯
發(fā)覺(jué)自己在寫關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)的事情,對(duì)于職業(yè)的數(shù)學(xué)家而言是悲哀的。數(shù)學(xué)家的本職是做出實(shí)績(jī),證明新的定理,推動(dòng)數(shù)學(xué)的發(fā)展,而不是談?wù)撍蚴瞧渌麛?shù)學(xué)家已有的成績(jī)。
If then I find myself writing, not mathematics, but ‘a(chǎn)bout’ mathematics, it is a confession of weakness, for which I may rightly be scorned or pitied by younger and more vigorous mathematicians. I write about mathematics because, like any other mathematician who has passed sixty, I have no longer the freshness of mind, the energy, or the patience to carry on effectively with my proper job. 試譯
當(dāng)我發(fā)覺(jué)我所寫的不是數(shù)學(xué),而是“關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)的事情”,這是示弱的表現(xiàn)。比我年輕而有活力的數(shù)學(xué)家為此而指責(zé)或是憐憫我是無(wú)可非議的。我寫關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)的事情,是因?yàn)槲液推渌暧饣椎臄?shù)學(xué)家一樣,思維不再新鮮,沒(méi)有足夠的精力或耐心高效地繼續(xù)我的本職工作。
本書作為他職業(yè)生涯的結(jié)束,是他為數(shù)學(xué)及他本人的辯白,涉及的少數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)都是重要而易懂的。引用Wikipedia的描述,
(A Mathematician's Apology) is often considered one of the best insights into the mind of a working mathematician written for the layman.
(《數(shù)學(xué)家的辯白》)常被認(rèn)為是為門外漢所寫的洞悉數(shù)學(xué)家思想的最佳讀物之一。因?yàn)樗麑?duì)純粹近乎高傲的堅(jiān)守以及他和那段暖心的佳話,我一直都對(duì)Hardy格外喜歡。附照片一張,來(lái)自
2.Inside Interesting Integrals by Paul J.Nahin
數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ):有一定的微積分、微分方程和復(fù)分析基礎(chǔ)(涉及Contuor積分),最好會(huì)一點(diǎn)MatLab
作者在Preface中的原話:
I, on the other hand, have assumed far less, just what a good student would know—with one BIG exception—after the ?rst year of high school AP calculus, plus just a bit of exposure to the concept of a differential equation.That big exception is contour integration.
而我要求低一些,只是一個(gè)好學(xué)生應(yīng)該知道的——除了一個(gè)大例外——有一年的高中AP微積分基礎(chǔ)(注:這是美國(guó)的課程,AP指),加上對(duì)微分方程概念的一點(diǎn)了解。那個(gè)大例外是Contuor積分。主要內(nèi)容:各種刁鉆的定積分計(jì)算技巧及在各物理領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用
本書是Springer出版社ULNP(Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics)系列中的一本,作者是一位工程師。不同于UTM、GTM系列比較嚴(yán)肅的課本,這本書比較歡樂(lè),剛開頭就看得我一愣:
開篇引用了John le Carré的小說(shuō),相信這句話能引起很多熱愛(ài)數(shù)學(xué)的人的共鳴(我高三的周末就是這么度過(guò)的233,比如看):
他一點(diǎn)都看不懂他所讀的內(nèi)容,然而他依然終日對(duì)著那一大頁(yè)數(shù)學(xué)看得超開心。然后又引用了《簡(jiǎn)明量子場(chǎng)論》中略逗卻又傷感的一句話:
唉,要是我們能算出這個(gè)(定)積分就好了……可惜算不出來(lái)。。
讀到這里我已經(jīng)覺(jué)得不太對(duì)了……
說(shuō)好的課本呢(??ˇ?ˇ??)
來(lái)看作者在Preface中的原話:
From the above you’ve probably gathered that I’ve written this book in a lighthearted manner (that’s code for ‘this is not a rigorous math textbook’).
看完上面扯的,你可能已經(jīng)意識(shí)到,寫這本書時(shí)我是很輕松愉快的(亦即這不是一本嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)臄?shù)學(xué)教材)。
Despite all the math in it, this book has been written in the spirit of ‘let’s have fun.’
盡管本書包含數(shù)學(xué)內(nèi)容,這本書的靈魂是要“玩得開心”。書里豐富的技巧就足夠玩得開心啦,而且還講些小故事。
這道積分由John Bernoulli于1697年首先得到,算出結(jié)果時(shí)Bernoulli驚呼“Series mirabili"(Marvelous series)。
這道定積分背后有一則趣事。1926年,20世紀(jì)最出色的幾何學(xué)家之一 還是Cambridge的一名本科生。由于不知道如何解該積分,他寫信給時(shí)任Cambridge數(shù)學(xué)教授的G.H.Hardy求助。熱衷于計(jì)算定積分的Hardy在回信中寫道:
I tried very hard not to spend time on your integrals, but to me the challenge of a de?nite integral is irresistible.
我盡可能不在你的積分上花費(fèi)時(shí)間,可對(duì)我而言一道定積分的挑戰(zhàn)(的誘惑)是無(wú)法抗拒的。見識(shí)各種奇怪的積分,豐富技巧的同時(shí)還能了解名人軼事,豈不快哉?(ˉ?ˉ?)
本書干貨也很硬的,講解各種難以計(jì)算的定積分的技巧,從Riemann、Lebesgue開始,也講到Feynman漂亮的技巧,后面還涉及到Gamma函數(shù)、Beta函數(shù)、Riemann-Zeta函數(shù),冪級(jí)數(shù)展開,Contuor積分等等。書中結(jié)合了很多物理中的實(shí)例,畢竟是ULNP系列嘛。作者在Preface中寫道:
There is one more way this book differs from Irresistible Integrals, that re?ects my background as an engineer rather than as a professional mathematician. I have, all through the book, made an effort to bring into many of the discussions a variety of physical applications, from such diverse ?elds as radio theory and theoretical mechanics. In all such cases, however, math plays a central role.
還有一點(diǎn)可以看出本書與《無(wú)法抗拒的積分》的不同,反映出我的背景是工程師而不是職業(yè)的數(shù)學(xué)家。在整本書中,我都試圖引入許多各物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用的討論,比如無(wú)線電理論、理論力學(xué)。但是在這些實(shí)例中,數(shù)學(xué)扮演了核心角色。
書中附了60道挑戰(zhàn)性的積分及答案,可以驗(yàn)收一下成果~
以下幾本書
All the Mathematics You Missed: But Need to Know for Graduate School by Thomas A. Garrity
你錯(cuò)過(guò)的數(shù)學(xué)
The Man Who Knew Infinity: a Life of the Genius Ramanujan by Robert Kanigel
知無(wú)涯者:拉馬努金傳
What is Mathematics by Richard Courant, Herbert Robins
數(shù)學(xué)是什么
One, Two, Three...Infinity by G.Gamow
從一到無(wú)窮大
Experimental Mathematics in Action by A. K. Peters
數(shù)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行中
Irresistible Integrals: Symbolics, Analysis and Experiments in the Evaluation of Integrals by George Boras, Victor Moll
無(wú)法抗拒的積分:積分中的符號(hào),分析與實(shí)驗(yàn)
The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol.1-3 by Richard Feynman
費(fèi)恩曼物理學(xué)講義
The Princeton Companion to Mathematics by Timothy Gowers
普林斯頓數(shù)學(xué)指南
(1.15更新)An Imaginary Tale: the Story of i the square root of minus one by P.J.Nahin
想象的故事:虛數(shù)單位i的故事 本書和Inside Interesting Integrals為同一作者,個(gè)人非常喜歡他的書,評(píng)論區(qū)知友對(duì)Inside Interesting Integrals反響也很好。
應(yīng)該屬于比較有趣的數(shù)學(xué)物理閑書,也在我的書單上。等讀完了有體會(huì)的話會(huì)來(lái)分享的^_^
評(píng)論區(qū)的推薦整理在這里,謝謝大家~
The Lightness of Being:Mass,Ether,and the Unification of Forces by Frank Wilczek
萬(wàn)物之輕:質(zhì)量,以太及力的大一統(tǒng)
另外,我覺(jué)得若有一定的實(shí)分析基礎(chǔ)的話逛逛 就蠻好的,有些內(nèi)容不是很艱深,應(yīng)該可以看懂的。需要科學(xué)上網(wǎng)。 2/3 首頁(yè) 上一頁(yè) 1 2 3 下一頁(yè) 尾頁(yè)
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