愛(ài)華網(wǎng)在英語(yǔ)中，每句話都包含一定的時(shí)態(tài)，要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)就必須掌握英語(yǔ)中一些常用的時(shí)態(tài)。在英語(yǔ)中,不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和情況,要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示.這種不同的時(shí)間和不同的動(dòng)詞形式就叫做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).換句話說(shuō)，判斷一個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)，可以通過(guò)句子中的時(shí)間和動(dòng)詞的形態(tài)來(lái)判斷。下面我就現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)作一些講解，如有不妥之處，請(qǐng)指教。每種時(shí)態(tài)都有三個(gè)最基本的要素，分別是該時(shí)態(tài)的概念、結(jié)構(gòu)、判斷標(biāo)志詞。
一、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的概念：
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
二、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：
主語(yǔ)+be（am , is , are）+現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)詞+ing形式）+其它
肯定句式：主語(yǔ)+be( am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.
否定句式：主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are) +not +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.
一般疑問(wèn)句：Be(am, is, are) +主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？
注：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)在其構(gòu)成形式中，be動(dòng)詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)選用am / is /are。Be動(dòng)詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，am和is是表示單數(shù)，am只跟I搭配（除了I其余的單數(shù)都用is），are表示復(fù)數(shù)。
三、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的判斷標(biāo)志詞
now , at the moment , look , listen , It’s + 具體點(diǎn)鐘 , at present ,these days
四、 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
動(dòng)詞+ing形式叫做動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成方法如下：
1. 一般在動(dòng)詞后直接加上-ing。例如：work working, do doing,talk talking,drink drinking
2. 以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)先去掉e然后加-ing。例如：write writing, skate skating
3. 以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y加-ing。例如：lie lying, die dying
4. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如果該單詞末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，則應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加-ing。例如：put putting,sit sitting , plan planning
要雙寫(xiě)的動(dòng)詞一般滿足下面三個(gè)條件：① 單詞末尾的字母結(jié)構(gòu)是“輔+元+輔”；② 上述結(jié)構(gòu)中的元音字母發(fā)短元音；③單詞末尾的音節(jié)重讀。 例如： run running, begin beginning
五、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句型變化
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句型變化，主要是圍繞著be動(dòng)詞展開(kāi)的，把be動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)前就構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，在be后加上not構(gòu)成否定句。（一般來(lái)說(shuō)，有be動(dòng)詞的句子，構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句都遵循這個(gè)規(guī)律）
【例如】：
1.They are reading an English book.（肯定句）
They are not reading an English book.（否定句）
Are they reading an English book? （一般疑問(wèn)句）
What are they doing? （特殊疑問(wèn)句）
2.He is playing basketball on the playground. （肯定句）
He is not playing basketball on the playground. （否定句）
Is he playing basketball on the playground? （一般疑問(wèn)句）
What is he doing on the playground? （特殊疑問(wèn)句）
六、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的使用場(chǎng)合
何時(shí)使用進(jìn)行時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，就是當(dāng)句子出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的判斷標(biāo)志詞時(shí)（見(jiàn)第三 點(diǎn)），應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。詳解如下：
1. 當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)的表示時(shí)間的詞是now, at the moment(此刻、現(xiàn)在)等時(shí)，表示句子要說(shuō)明的是現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
【例如】：
Linda's brother is watching TV in his bedroom now.
琳達(dá)的哥哥現(xiàn)在正在他的臥室里看電視。
We're far from home. What are our parents doing at themoment?
我們現(xiàn)在遠(yuǎn)離家，我們的父母此刻在干什么呢？
2. 當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是these days, this week, thismonth等時(shí)，如果句子所要表達(dá)的意義是在這一階段正在發(fā)生的事，則動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
【例如】：
These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.這些天我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)幫農(nóng)民們干活。
They're having a test this week. 這一周他們?cè)谶M(jìn)行一次考試。
Mr Cheng is visiting our village this month. 這個(gè)月程先生在我們村訪問(wèn)。
3. 在句中出現(xiàn)了Look, Listen, Can't you see?等暗示詞時(shí)，說(shuō)明后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
【例如】：
Look! Maria and Tom are dancing under the tree.
看！瑪麗亞和湯姆正在樹(shù)下跳舞。
Listen! Our English teacher is singing the popular Englishsong.
聽(tīng)！我們英語(yǔ)老師正在唱那首流行的英文歌曲。
Many children are swimming in the river. Can't you see?
許多小孩在河里游泳，你難道看不見(jiàn)嗎？
4. 注意根據(jù)上下文的暗示，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可能應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
【例如】：
— Where is Mr Wang? — 王先生在哪兒？
— Oh, he is reading a newspaper in the office. —噢，他正在辦公室看報(bào)。
（問(wèn)句詢問(wèn)王先生在哪兒，應(yīng)說(shuō)明他現(xiàn)在在哪兒，故答句應(yīng)說(shuō)明他現(xiàn)在正在做的事，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。）
—Is that boy Jack? — 那個(gè)男孩是杰克嗎？
— No. Jack is doing his homework in the classroom. —不是，杰克正在教室做作業(yè)呢。
（答句中說(shuō)明的杰克做作業(yè)的情況應(yīng)發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。）
七、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊情況
1．有些動(dòng)詞從結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，但卻是表示將要發(fā)生的事，而不表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行。這些動(dòng)詞往往是一些表示位置移動(dòng)變化的動(dòng)詞，如：go, come , leave , fly , move, start, begin , arrive, , stay,return等。
【例如】：
Next month my family is moving to Beijing.
下個(gè)月，我家就要搬到北京去了。(搬的動(dòng)作并非現(xiàn)在發(fā)生，而將在下個(gè)月發(fā)生。)
My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven o'clock tomorrowmorning.
明天早上十一點(diǎn)我嬸嬸將離開(kāi)去上海。
2．并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有進(jìn)行時(shí)，一些動(dòng)詞一般在句中不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。這些動(dòng)詞往往是等表示情感狀態(tài)、知覺(jué)認(rèn)識(shí)、愿望或短暫性的動(dòng)詞。例如：see（明白）, know, want , like , hear , have(有) , think , hope , hate等
【例如】：
Now many students like reading Harry Potter.
現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生喜歡讀《哈利·波特》。
八、 習(xí)題操練
Ⅰ．選擇填空：
1. What are you doing? I________.
A. eat B. can eat C. eating D. am eating
2. We are _________ books now.
A. reading B. am reading C. read D. to read
3. Our teacher is ________ a red sweater .
A. putting on B. put on C. wears D. wear
4. That boy isn’t ________ the teacher .
A. listen B. listens C. listening D. listeningto
5. It’s eight o’clock. Jimmy’s parents __________TV.
A. is watching B. are watching C. watch D. towatch
6. My mother is _____ a cake _____ my birthday.
A. making ; to B. making ; for C. doing ; to D.doing ; for
7. They are _______ these books in the box.
A. puts B. put C. to put D. putting
8. ____ you ___ the window? —Yes, I am.
A. Do, clean B. Is, cleaning C. Are, cleaning D. Do, cleaning
9. Who _____ over therenow?
A. singing B.are sing C. issinging D. sing
10. Look! Thetwins _____ new sweaters.
A. arewearing B.wearing C. arewear D. is wearing
11. Listen! The baby _____ in the nextroom.
A. crying B.cried C. iscrying D.cries
12. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____.
A. is sleepingB. are sleeping C.sleeping D. sleep
Ⅱ 用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. What are you _________(do) now? I ___________(eat) bread.
2. It’s nine o’clock. My father_______________(work) in theoffice.
3. Look, the boy____________(put) the rubbish into the bin.
4. _______ he ________(clean) the classroom? No, he isn’t.He_____(play).
5. Where is Mike? He___________(run) on the grass.
6. Listen, who____________(sing) in the music room?
7.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
8. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom.
9. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
10. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
11. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
12.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
13.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom.
14.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) tomusic.
15. It's 5 o'clock now. We_____________(have)supper now
16.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
Ⅲ．句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1. They are cleaning the window.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句）
_______________________________________?
2. Tom is working.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句）
_______________________________________ ?
3. Jim is singing.（改為否定句）
_______________________________________.
4. Kate is dancing （對(duì)劃線提問(wèn)）
________________________________________?
5. She is sitting near the window（對(duì)劃線提問(wèn)）
_________________________________________?
6. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
7．The students are cleaning the classroom . (改一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
8．I'm playing the football on the playground.(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn))
________________________________________________________________
9．Tom is reading books in his study . (對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn))
________________________________________________________________
Key
Ⅰ. 1.D 2.A 3. A 4.D 5. B 6.B 7.D 8.C 9. C 10.A 11. C 12. B13.
Ⅱ. 1.doing/ am eating 2. is working 3. isputting 4. Is/ cleaning ; is playing 5. is running 6. issinging 7. is drawing 8. aresinging 9. is cooking 10. are ,doing 11. arehaving 12. aren’tawtering 13. are dancing 14. islistening 15. are having 16. Is, washing
Ⅲ. 1.Are they cleaning the window? 2. Is Tomworking? 3. Jim isn’t singing
4. What is Kate doing? 5. Where is shesitting? 6. Are they doing housework? / Theyaren’t doing housework. 7. Are the studentscleaning the classroom? Yes, they are. / No, theyaren’t. 8. What are you doing on theplayground? 9. Where is Tom reading books?
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