
一般過去時
一.教學(xué)目標(biāo):一般過去時
二.教學(xué)重難點:一般過去時(用法、動詞過去式的變化規(guī)則等)
實義動詞do一般過去時的講解
三.教學(xué)步驟:
(一)般過去時的概念一般過去時用來表示過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)以及過去習(xí)慣性、反復(fù)性的動作。謂語動詞要用動詞的過去式,常和表示過去的時間狀語連用,如yesterday昨天、lastnight昨晚、last week上周、last year去年,等。
(二)一般過去時的結(jié)構(gòu)(可分三類不同的結(jié)構(gòu))
1.Be動詞的一般過去時在沒有實義動詞的句子中使用be動詞, am is 的過去式為was;are的過去式為were
肯定句式:主語 + be(was , were) + 其它.
否定句式:主語 + be(was , were) + not +其它.
一般疑問句:Be(was , were) + 主語 + 其它?
注:在這種構(gòu)成中,be動詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化,即要根據(jù)主語選用was /were。Be動詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù),was是表示單數(shù),were是表示復(fù)數(shù)。
2. 實義動詞的一般過去時態(tài)肯定句要使用動詞的過去式,否定句和疑問句要使用助動詞do和 does 的過去式did.
肯定句式:主語 + 動詞(過去式)+ 其它
否定句式:主語 + didn’t + 動詞(原形)+ 其它 【did not= didn’t】
一般疑問句:Did + 主語+ 動詞(原形)+ 其它【do , does的過去時均為did】?
注:1.did和didn’t 是構(gòu)成一般過去時的助動詞,其特點是要在其后跟動詞的原形。
2.實意動詞do的一般過去時
I domy homeworkevery day.(用yesterday改寫句子)
I didmy homeworkyesterday.
I didn’t domy homeworkyesterday.(否定句)
Did you doyourhomework yesterday?Yes ,Idid. /No, Ididn’t.(一般疑問句)
3. 情態(tài)動詞的一般過去時態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的一般過去時與含有Be動詞的一般過去時,是十分相似,請注意觀察。
肯定句式:主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 + 其它
否定句式:主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 + not + 其它.
一般疑問句:情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 + 其它?
注:情態(tài)動詞的過去式:can→could , may→might , must→must,will-would,should-should。4.特殊疑問句式: 特殊疑問詞+be過去式+主語+其他?
特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)助動詞過去式+主語+動詞原形+其他?
特殊疑問詞+do/does過去式+主語+動詞原形+其他?
What was your former name? 你以前叫什么名字?
Why was he late for school last Monday?上星期一他為什么遲到?
What could she do twenty years ago?20年前她能做什么?
(三) 一般過去時的判斷標(biāo)志詞一般過去時的判斷標(biāo)志詞一般過去時的判斷標(biāo)志詞一般過去時的判斷標(biāo)志詞 yesterday, the day before yesterday , last + 時間 , thismorning 時間 + ago , just now , amoment ago , in + 過去的時間 ,
注意:一般過去時表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,常和often經(jīng)常,always總是,once aweek一周一次,等表示頻度的時間狀語連用
(四)規(guī)則動詞的過去式
1.一般情況下,在動詞原形后面加-ed。look→lookedplay→playedstart→startedvisit→visited pull-pulled,cook-cooked
2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞,在詞尾直接加-d。live→liveduse→used taste-tasted
3.以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動詞,先將 y 改為i ,再加 –ed。study→studiedtry→triedfly→flied
4.以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,要先雙寫這個輔音字母后,再加–ed。 stop→stoppedplan→plannedstop-stoppedprefer→preferred
5.不規(guī)則動詞的過去式需特殊記憶。 如:am(is)-was,are-were(是), become _became (成為) go-went(走), (買) buy --bought,sell--sold(賣)come-came(來), take-took(拿), have (has)-had(有),begin(開始)--began,bring(拿來)--brought,can(能)--could,catch(捉?。?-caught,cut(砍,割)--cut,do/does(做,干)--did,draw(畫畫,拉)--drew,drink(喝)--drank,drive(駕駛)--drove,eat(吃)--ate,fall(跌倒,落下)--fell,feel(感覺)--felt,fly(飛)--flew,get(獲得)--got,give(給)---gave,grow(生長)--grew,keep(保持)--kept,know(知道,認(rèn)識)--knew,learn(學(xué)習(xí))--learnt, leave(離開)--left,let(讓)--let, lie(躺,平放)--lay,make(使得,做)--made,may(可以)--might, must(必須)--must,read(讀)--read, ride(騎)--rode, ring(鳴鈴)--rang,run(跑)--ran, say說)--said, see (看見)--saw, sell(賣)--sold,send(送)--sent,set (放)--set,sing(唱歌)--sang, sit(坐)--sat, sleep(睡覺)--slept, speak(說話)--spoke, spend (花費)--spent,stand (站立)--stood, swim (游泳)--swam,teach(教)--taught, tell(告訴)--told, think(認(rèn)為)--thought,throw(投擲)--threw, understand(懂得)--understood,wear(穿)--wore,will(將要)--would, win(獲勝)--won,(彎曲) bend --bent, blow --blew(吹),選擇 choose chose ,
(五)一般過去時的基本用法
① 表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
He suddenly fell ill lastnight.他昨晚突然病倒了。
②表示過去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作
She went to the cinema once a month when shewas at alked by the riverside. 我在鄉(xiāng)下時經(jīng)常在河邊散步。
③敘述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事
She got up early, fetched water, cleaned theroom and then went out for awalk.她早早起床,提水,打掃房間然后出去散步。
(六)課后練習(xí)
一般過去時練習(xí)題,.請用正確動詞形式填空
1.He(live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat(eat)a bird last night.
3.We(have) a party last Halloween. 4
4.Nancy(pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I(make)a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They(play)chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. Mymother(cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.
8. The girls(dance)at the party last night.
- 9. I(watch)a cartoon on Saturday last week.
10. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last SpringFestival?
11. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he______.
12. Gao Shan _______ (put) up the picture lastnight.
13. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday.
- 14. 14. What ______ she _______ (find) in thegarden last morning?
15. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper lastnight.
16. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock lastnight.
17. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.
18. How many people ________ (be) there in your class lastterm?
II. 改錯題
1.How is Jane yesterday?_____________________
2.He go to school by bus last week.____________________________
3.He often goes home at 6:00 last month.____________________________
4.I can fly kites seven years ago.______________________________
5.Did you saw him just now.____________________________________
三、按要求變換句型。
1. Frank read an interesting book about history. (一般疑問句)
_______ Frank _______ an interesting bookabout history?
2. He cleaned his room just now.. (劃線提問) What________ he_______?
3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. (否定句)
Thomas _______ _______ RMB10 on this book.
4. My family went to the beach last week.(劃線提問)
________ ________ ________family _______ last week?
1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No,she _________.
3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interestingbook.
4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterdaymorning.
5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.
6. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I__________(write) it last year.
7. My friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test and________(practice) English last night.
8. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning?Yes, he _________.
9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not)bad.
10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No.she __________.
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