不定代詞的用法
一、不定代詞的用法
不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞,在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。
1.作主語
both of them are teachers.他們兩人都是教師。
2.作賓語
i know nothing about this person.我對這個人一無所知。
3.作表語
this book is too much for a child.這本書對一個小孩來說太難了。
4.作定語
there is a little water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。
二、常用不定代詞用法舉例
1.some 一些,某些,某個
不定代詞some可以代替名詞和形容詞,常用在肯定句中作主語、賓語、定語等。作定語時,它可以修飾可數名詞(單、復數皆可)和不可數名詞。例如:
some are doctors,some are nurses.有些人是醫(yī)生,有些人是護士。(作主語)
2.any一些,任何
不定代詞any可以代替名詞和形容詞,常用在否定句或疑問句中作主語、賓語、定語等。作定語時,它可以修飾可數名詞(多為復數)和不可數名詞。例如:
there isn’t any ink in my pen.我的鋼筆沒有墨水。(作定語)
不定代詞any有時也可以用在肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
you may come at any time;i’ll be home the wholeday.你任何時候來都行,我整天都將呆在家里 。
不定代詞any也可以用作副詞,做狀語,表示程度。例如:
is he any better today?他今天好一點了嗎?
3.all 全體,所有
不定代詞all在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語或同位語。它可以代表或修飾可數名詞和不可數名詞。代表或修飾可數名詞時,指兩個以上的人或物。作先行詞時,引導詞用that。例如:
all were present at the meeting.全都到會了。(作主語,代表可數名詞)
4.both 全部,都
不定代詞both指兩個人或事物。和all一樣,可以用作主語、賓語、定語或同位語。例如:
we invited both to come to our farm.我們邀請兩個人都來我們的農暢(作賓語)
5.none 無人或無物
不定代詞none的含義和all相反,和no one,notany同義,但其用法相當于名詞,在句子中一般作主語或賓語。它代替不可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式;代替可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單、復數皆可。例如:
none of the problems is /are easy to solve.這些問題沒有一個是容易解決的。(作主語,代替可數名詞)
6.either 兩者之中的任何一個,這個或那個。
不定代詞 either 可以作主語、賓語和定語。例如:
either of them will agree to this arrangent.他們兩人中會有人同意這樣的安排的。(作主語)
7.neither 兩個之中一個也不是
不定代詞 neither 是 either 的否定形式,可以作主語、賓語和定語。例如:
neither is interesting.兩個都沒有趣。(作主語)
8.each 每個,各自的
不定代詞each指每一個人或事物的個別情況,甚至指這些個別情況各不相同。它在句中可以作主語、賓語、定語和同位語。例如:
she gave the children two apples each.她給了每個小孩兩個蘋果。(作thechildren的同位語。)
9every 每個,每一的,一切的
不定代詞every有"全體"的意思,和all的意義相近,但只能作定語。
三.復合不定代詞
any及合成詞anything ,anybody一般用在否定句,疑問句和條件句中
anybodyanyone指人時不能與of連用
some及 someting,somebody表示肯定含義時,用在肯定句中,但表示請求,客氣詢問時例外,可用在疑問句中
no及 nothing, nobody是否定詞,表示否定含義
none后面不能直接跟名詞,可以單獨使用,也可和of連用,none指人或物,可指單數和復數
'Someone'/'somebody','anyone'/'anybody'and'no one'/'nobody'areindefinite pronouns.They refer to people.We use them when we do notknow or do not need to mention by name who we are talkingabout.
1. some, any, every, no都能和one, body,thing一起構成代詞,這些代詞叫復合不定代詞。它們基本含義為:
指
人 somebody
someone 某人 anybody
anyone
任何人 everybody
everyone每人 nobody
no one
沒人
指物 Something某物某事 anything任何事物 everything一切 nothing沒東西
2.一般情況下,some構成的復合不定代詞,其作用和some相同,用于肯定句;any構成的復合不定代詞用于否定句或疑問句;no構成的復合不定代詞表示否定含義,用于否定句。如:
① I have something to tell you. 我有事要告訴你。
② He didn’t say anything at the meeting yesterday. 昨天在會上他沒發(fā)言。
③ Everybody likes swimming. 每個人都喜歡游泳。
④ There is nothing wrong with your ears.
你耳朵沒毛病。
3. something可用于提建議或請求的問句中,以及希望說話對方作出肯定回答的問句中。如:
Would you like something to eat? 你要吃點東西嗎?
4. 復合不定代詞在句子中作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式。如:
Nobody knows his name. 沒有人知道他的名字。
5. 不定代詞的定語要后置。如:
Is there anything important in today’s newspaper?今天的報紙上有什么重要新聞嗎?
一般的,不定代詞(包括復合不定代詞)在句子中,通常用三單形式
復合不定代詞即由some,any,no,every加body,thing,one構成,用來表示一個全部概念,分別表示人或物。在句子中可作主語、賓語、表語。由于用法上的習慣常為高考所青睞,下面就其常見考點分析如下:
一、與部分否定結下了深厚的情誼
部分否定是高考??伎键c之一,常表達為:not+全部肯定詞或全部肯定詞+not,其意義為“并非都,不都”。前者為基本概念,通常,學生有一定的掌握;但后者與一般否定句相似,易引起學生判斷上的失誤,也是作者出題,命題的焦點。uniwant.com
1.I agree with most of what you said,but I don't agreewith____.
A.everything D.anything
C.something D.nothing
2.—The exam was difficult,wasn't it?
—No,but I don't think____could pass it.
A.somebody B.anybody
C.nobody D.everyboby
分析:1,A.由句意“我同意你說的大部分,而不是全部”,可看出后面表示部分否定,構成not…everything,即“并非每件事”。2,D.同理,“并非所有人都能通過”,部分否定概念,構成not…everybody,即“并非所有的人”,本題還應考慮否定轉移。以上兩題要求學生在作題時認真審題,仔細品味作者在題干中蘊涵的邏輯關系,靈活應用所學知識,取得滿意效果。
二、在反意問句中考查對應的主語
反意疑問句在確定主語時,常被列為考點。當主語為表示人的復合不定代詞時,疑問部分的主語常用they(有時也用he);當主語為表物的復合不定代詞時,疑問部分的主語通常為it。
1.Nobody wants to waste time watching boring plays,____?
A.does it B.do they
C.is he D.are they
2.I am sure everything goes well,____?
A.doesn't it B.does they
C.doesn't everything D.aren't I
分析:1,B.句子主語為指人的復合不定代詞,對應的主語是they,又為否定句,故選B。2,A.I'msure為插入語,句子主語為指物的復合不定代詞,對應的主語是it,故選A。通過以上兩題分析,要求學生思路清晰,運用所學知識,具體問題具體分析。
三、和定語從句也保持著一定的聯系
指人、指物的復合不定代詞常與定語從句結合考查,其重點在連接詞選擇問題上。當先行詞為指物的不定代詞時,關系代詞為that,但something例外,既可用that也可用which。當先行詞為指人的復合不定代詞時,關系代詞為who或that。注意作賓語的關系代詞省略也是考查的重點。
1.Finally,the thief handed everything____he had stolen to thepolice.
A.which B.what
C.whatever D.that
2.____breaks the rule should be punished.
A.Those who B.Who
C.Anyone who D.The one
3.Now let's think of feedback as something____·
A.that we should make to work for us
B.we should make work for us
C.in which we should make work for us
D.we should make work for us in
分析:1,D.先行詞everything,在定語從句中作stolen賓語。2,C.由定語從句謂語即可確定。3,B.先行詞something在定語從句中作make賓語,省去了關系代詞。以上試題可看出知識之間環(huán)環(huán)相扣,體現了高考試題中多元結構的考查。
四、復合不定代詞的定語位置
修飾復合不定代詞的形容詞一般后置。注意它常與其它考點聯系起來考查,看下面練習。
1.There is____in today's newspaper.
A.nothing specially interesting
B.specially interesting nothing
C. nothing specially intertesting
D.intertesting specially nothing
2.He asked me if there was____to read.
A.easy enough something
B.enough easy something
C.something easy enough
D.something enough easy
分析:1,A.interesting修飾nothing放其后,specially副詞修飾形容詞interesting。2,C.easy修飾something放其后,副詞enough修飾easy,放其后。以上兩題要求認真分析,弄清英語詞序間修飾關系。
五、復合不定代詞常用于簡略回答中
一般情況下,用nothing回答以what開頭的問句;nobody(no one)回答who開頭的問句。
1.What's on the blackboard?
—Nothing.
2.—Who's in the classroom?
—Nobody(No one).
六、復合不定代詞的一致問題
復合不定代詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數。
Everything is not in good order but at sixes and sevens.
Nothing except for a few books was left for him by hisfather.
七、復合不定代詞間的用法區(qū)別
1.帶some的復合不定代詞,一般用于肯定句;而帶any的復合不定代詞常用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。
I have something important to tell you.
If there is anything the matter with the machine,please let meknow.
2.帶some的復合不定代詞,用于疑問句,表示說話人希望得到肯定回答或表請求、建議、征詢意見的句子中。
—Is____here?
—No.Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A anybody B somebody C everybody D nobody 選C。
3.帶any的復合不定代詞,用于肯定句中,表示“任何人,任何事”。
Anyone who refused to bow was thrown intoprison.
As a teacher,I would do anything for my students.
4.帶any的復合不定代詞作主語,其后不能再用否定式,要表達否定概念,需用相對應的全部否定意義的詞。
Anything could not be seen in that dark room.(×)
Anything could be seen in that dark room.(√)
5.指人的復合不定代詞合寫與分寫,其意義與用法不同,以any為例:
anyone 僅指人 任何人,某人 不與of短語連用
anyone指人又指物 任何一個 可與of短語連用
Anyone can do the job.
Any one of us can do the job.
八、復合不定代詞常見短語
1.have something to do with
與……有關
2.something like
幾分像,大約
3.something of
在某種意義(程度)上
4.anything but
除……外任何,根本不……
5.anything like
像那樣的事,全然不
6.anything of
一點兒,一點……味兒
7.have nothing to do with
與……無關,和……不往來
8.be nothing to
對……無足輕重,不能與……相比
9.to say nothing of
更不必說
10.for nothing
免費,徒然,沒有理由
11.all to nothing
百分之百的
12.nothing but
除……以外什么也不,只有
九、復合不定代詞在諺語中應用
1.Everybody's business is nobody's buslness.
人人都管等于沒人管。
2.Everybody's friend is everybody's fool.
每人的朋友是每人的傻瓜。
3.Everytking is good for something.
凡物都有用。
4.Everything has two sides.
事物都有兩個方面。
5.The man who is everything is nothing.
什么都是的人什么都不是。
6.He who has no conscience has nothing.
沒有良心的人一無所有。
7.Nothing succecds like success.
一事成功,事事順利。
8.Nothing venture,nothing have.
不入虎穴,焉得虎子。
9.Money isn't everything.金錢不是萬能的。
10.To know everything is to know nothing.
樣樣皆通,樣樣稀松。
11.Everything is good when new,but friends whenold.東西是新的好,朋友是老的好。
十、智能轉化
1.He often asked the questions that____his lesson.So he was oftenscolded by his teacher.
A.had something to do with
B.was separated from
C.was connected with
D.had nothing to do with
2.—This car is worth 90,000 dollars.
—Oh,I care more about quality,you know,money is____to me.
A.nothing B.anything
C.everything D.something
3.—Nowadays an unexpected thing is possible to happen.
—Yes, everything strange is____strange.
A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothing
4.—What an amazing film!It's the most interesting film I've everseen.
—But I'm sure it won't interest____.
A.somebody B.anybody
C.everybody D.nobody
5.The book is of good value.____can be enjoyed from it until youhave a deep understanding of it.
A.Something B.Nothing
C.Much D.Few
6.He who is proud of his wealth has rarely____else to beproud.
A.anything B.something
C.everything D.nothing
7.His theory is much more important than____.
A.any of us B.any of our
C.anyone else's D.anyone's else
8.He cares so little about his meals that____will do so long as itfills his stomach.
A.anything B.everything
C.nothing D.something
9.It was such a tiny village that____knew____else well.
A.anybody,somebody
B.everybody,everybody
C.anybody,anybody
D.nobody,nobody
10.I tried____but there was no result.
A.everyone B.every one of them
C.everyone of them D.every of them
11.I'll never know what was on his mind at the time,norwill.____(04江蘇)
A.anyone B.anyone else
C.no one D.no one else
12.Playing tricks on others is____we should never do.(04湖南)
A.anything B.something
C.everything D.nothing
13.I'm,just as is sung in a song,____I live on my own.
A.someone B.somebody
C.anybody D.nobody
14.—Do you mind if you give Tom a hand?
—Yes,I do.I'll be glad to help____Tom.
A.anybody but B.somebody but
C.everybody but D.nobody but
15.The fellow was said to be____of a scholar.As it turned out,hewas a cheat.
A.everything B.much
C.something D. nothing
16.—What is the man,actually?
——I don't know for sure.But I think he can be____but ateacher.
A.something B.anything
C.nobody D.anyone
參考答案:
1-5 D A D C B 6-10 A C A C B
11-15 B B D A C 16 B
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