一、rather 與其同義詞的區(qū)分

rather作為獨(dú)立的副詞使用,可表示"相當(dāng)"的意思。其同義詞有:pretty, quite,fairly。它們表示"相當(dāng)"的程度從強(qiáng)到弱依次為:rather, pretty, quite,fairly。例如,對(duì)于HarryPorter這本書(shū),有人認(rèn)為"fairlygood(還可以,還不錯(cuò))",這種評(píng)價(jià)通常并不能引起聽(tīng)話人去看這本書(shū)的興趣；有人認(rèn)為"quitegood(相當(dāng)不錯(cuò),值得一看)",這可以說(shuō)是一種推薦的說(shuō)法；而如果有人說(shuō)"rathergood",那就表示"遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)勝過(guò)其他同類",你可應(yīng)該看一看了?？梢?jiàn)這組詞在"相當(dāng)"程度上的語(yǔ)氣差別。當(dāng)pretty表示"相當(dāng)"的意思時(shí),通常只用于口語(yǔ)。

此外,還要注意這組詞各自特定的使用場(chǎng)合:

1.當(dāng)rather修飾表示批評(píng)、失望、驚奇等帶有負(fù)面含義的形容詞和副詞時(shí),該詞傳達(dá)說(shuō)話人的一種否定、不贊成的態(tài)度,意為"頗,在一定程度上"。例如:

This initially rather dull hobby had led him into fresh fieldsof enjoyment. 這個(gè)剛開(kāi)始頗無(wú)趣的愛(ài)好帶他進(jìn)入了一個(gè)全新的樂(lè)土。

注:fairly也可表示"頗,在一定程度上"的意思,但通常置于一些帶有肯定、正面含義的形容詞和副詞之前。如果所修飾的形容詞或副詞為中性詞,那么用rather,就會(huì)傳達(dá)出說(shuō)話人否定、不贊成的態(tài)度,用fairly則傳達(dá)說(shuō)話人肯定的態(tài)度。

The summer in Beijing is rather hot. (The speaker dislikesit.)

The summer in Beijing is fairly dry. (The speaker likesit.)
2. 當(dāng)rather用于一些帶有肯定含義的形容詞和副詞(如:amusing, clever, good,etc.)之前時(shí),意為"非常,相當(dāng)",含義接近very。此時(shí)不傳達(dá)任何否定或不贊成的態(tài)度。

It is a rather good film. 這是相當(dāng)好的一部電影。(表達(dá)說(shuō)話者對(duì)該電影的一種相當(dāng)推崇的態(tài)度)

3. 上述副詞中只有quite和rather 可以修飾動(dòng)詞,如:

I quite like this book.

She rather enjoys sweeping and cleaning.

4. 修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí),fairly和pretty只能放在冠詞之后,而quite 和rather 可前可后。如:

It is quite a good film. = It is a quite good film.

It is rather a good film. = It is a rather good film.

It is a fairly good film.

It is a pretty good film.

二、rather 構(gòu)成的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及搭配形式

1. would rather 寧可,寧愿

(1)would rather后接動(dòng)詞原形；表否定時(shí),后接not +動(dòng)詞原形

I’ll never be dependent on anyone again. I would rather starve(than be dependent on anyone else). 我再也不依靠任何人了。我寧愿餓死(也不靠別人)。

John really dislikes dancing. He would rather not go dancingwith his wife. 約翰確實(shí)不喜歡跳舞。他寧可不和妻子一起去跳舞。

(2)wouldrather后接that從句,從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如:

I’d rather (that) you set out to do the tasknow.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就著手這項(xiàng)工作。

I’d rather you picked her up at the airport tomorrow morning.我寧愿你明早去機(jī)場(chǎng)接她。

I’d rather you had not told her the news thatday.我寧愿你那天沒(méi)告訴她這個(gè)消息。

(3)變體形式:would rather do ... than do ...

I would rather die than surrender to the enemy.

我寧可死也不會(huì)向敵人屈服。

2. rather than

(1)接形容詞/名詞,表示"與其……,不如……"

This pair of shoes is comfortable rather than pretty.這雙鞋與其說(shuō)是漂亮,不如說(shuō)是舒服。

John is a doctor rather than a teacher.與其說(shuō)約翰是個(gè)老師,不如說(shuō)他是個(gè)醫(yī)生。
(2)接名詞或代詞,可表示"而不是"的意思,相當(dāng)于短語(yǔ)instead of或in place of。I, rather thanhe, should be responsible for this failure. 該對(duì)這次失敗負(fù)責(zé)的是我,而不是他。

(3)接動(dòng)詞原形,表示"而不是"Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, hesold them at half price. 他將蔬菜半價(jià)賣(mài)掉,而不是讓菜壞掉。

3. or rather,表示"更確切地說(shuō)",起進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明的作用。

She worked as a secretary, or rather, a personal assistant.她當(dāng)了秘書(shū),確切地講,是私人助理。

4. not ... but rather ... 表示"不是……,相反(而是)……"

Their problem is not a lack of funding, but rather a lack ofplanning. 他們的問(wèn)題不是缺乏資金,而是缺乏規(guī)劃。

5. rather than 與prefer 連用,表示"寧愿做……而不愿做……"

(1)prefer to do ... rather than do ...,如:

They prefer to repeat their former experiences rather than takenew risks.

他們寧可重復(fù)以前的經(jīng)歷也不愿意進(jìn)行新的冒險(xiǎn)。

(2)prefer +名詞... rather than +名詞,替代prefer ... to的用法,如:

I should prefer wine rather than beer. 我寧愿喝紅酒而不愿喝啤酒。

牛刀小試

請(qǐng)選擇最合適的選項(xiàng)完成句子。

1. —Shall we go skating or stay at home？

—Which _____ do？
A. do you rather
B. would you rather

C. will you rather
D. should you rather

2. Rather than ______ by bus, he prefers ______ there.
A. go; walk
B. going; walk
C. go; to walk
D. to go; walking
3. Some patients suffering from severe pain can be helped by"drugs" that aren’t really drugs at all ______ sugar pills thatcontain non-active chemical elements.

A. or rather

B. but rather

C. rather than

D. other than

4. As he was late, he had to quickly walk ______ run to hisoffice.

A. rather than

B. more than

C. or rather

D. other than

5. Yoga exercise is _______ difficult for a new beginner likeme.

A. fairly

B. prefer

C. rather than

D. rather

6. I would rather that she _____ with her friends than stayalone in holidays.

A. travel by train

B. traveled by train

C. travels by train

D. traveling by train

7. This book is instructive ______ interesting.

A. than

B. more than

C. rather than

D. but rather

答案及解析

1. B。句意：——我們是去溜冰還是呆在家里？——你更愿意做什么？分析：根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用wouldrather搭配表示“寧可，寧愿”的含義，故選B。

2. C。句意：他寧愿步行去那兒，也不愿坐公共汽車(chē)。分析：該句考查的是prefer to do ... rather thando ...結(jié)構(gòu)，本句中rather than 提前。符合此類搭配的只有C選項(xiàng)。

3.B。句意：一些遭受?chē)?yán)重疼痛的病人可以得到“藥物”的幫助，但不是真正的藥物而是含有非活性化學(xué)成分的糖衣片。分析：該句考查的是not... but rather ...結(jié)構(gòu)，用來(lái)表示“不是……而是……”。A 選項(xiàng)orrather表示“更確切地說(shuō)”；C選項(xiàng)rather than 表示“寧可”；D選項(xiàng)otherthan表示“除了……之外，還有”，如：Other than that, what else do you know abouthim?（除了那個(gè)，關(guān)于他你還了解什么？）。因此只有B項(xiàng)合適。

4. C。句意：由于他遲到了，他不得不快點(diǎn)走，更確切地說(shuō)，跑到辦公室。分析：該句考查的是or rather的用法，其可用來(lái)連接前后兩個(gè)對(duì)等成分。句中它連接了walk與run，表示“更確切地說(shuō)”。

5. D。句意：瑜伽對(duì)于像我這樣的初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)頗難。分析：該句考查的是rather 與其同義詞的區(qū)分。ratherthan和prefer均不符句意。fairly可以表示“頗，相當(dāng)”的含義，但它常用來(lái)修飾帶有肯定意味或褒義的形容詞，而rather在表達(dá)這一含義時(shí)，卻是通常與較負(fù)面和貶義的形容詞搭配，difficult正是這樣的形容詞。故本題選D。

6. B。句意：我寧可她假期和朋友坐火車(chē)旅行也不愿她獨(dú)自呆著。分析：該句考查的是would rather (that)接從句的用法，would rather之后出現(xiàn)的從句必須使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。該從句表示的是對(duì)將來(lái)情況的假設(shè)，從句應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此正確答案為B。

7. C。句意：與其說(shuō)這本書(shū)有趣，不如說(shuō)這本書(shū)有教育意義。分析：該句考查的是rather than連接形容詞的用法，表示“與其……，不如……”。A選項(xiàng)than是比較級(jí)的連接詞，必須使用more ... than結(jié)構(gòu)；B選項(xiàng)morethan含義是“十分”，如: I am more than happy to see you.（見(jiàn)到你我十分高興。），morethan 的另一種形式more ... than連接形容詞，可以表示“與其……不如”，因此該句可以改寫(xiě)為：This book ismore instructive than interesting；D選項(xiàng)（butrather）與否定連用，表示“不是……而是”，該句中沒(méi)有否定詞，不符合。因此只有C選項(xiàng)正確。

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