《薄冰實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解》連載之二:冠詞
第一章、定冠詞
1. 定冠詞特指某個(gè)(某些)人或某個(gè)(某些)事物
Many people came here to visit the oldcastle.
很多人來(lái)這里參觀這座古城堡。
The man in black is a magician.
穿黑色衣服的那個(gè)人是個(gè)魔術(shù)師。
2. 定冠詞用于第二次提到或復(fù)述上文提過(guò)的人或事物
He was given a pen and a form. He is going to usethe pen to fill out the form.
他拿到一支筆和一張表。他要用這支筆填這張表。
They went into a small pub. The pub was crowded with people.
他們進(jìn)了一家小餐館,那個(gè)餐館里擠滿了人。
3. 定冠詞用于交際環(huán)境中各方彼此熟悉的人或事物
The car is badly damaged.
這輛車損壞嚴(yán)重。(交際各方都知道是哪輛車)
Please close the door.
請(qǐng)關(guān)上門。(交際各方都知道是哪個(gè)門)
4. 定冠詞用于可數(shù)名詞前表示某一類人或事物
The wheel is said to be the first invention ofman.
據(jù)說(shuō),輪子是人類的第一項(xiàng)發(fā)明。
The horse is a useful animal.
馬是一種有用的動(dòng)物。
5.定冠詞用于某些名詞或形容詞前,表示一類人、一個(gè)民族、階級(jí)或階層
the Chinese 中國(guó)人 | the poor 窮人 |
the nobility 貴族 | the boutgeoisie 資產(chǎn)階級(jí) |
the old 老年人 | the college students 大學(xué)生 |
the dead 死者 | the unemployed 失業(yè)者 |
the deaf 聾人 | the intellectuals 知識(shí)分子 |
the rich 富人 | the railway worlers 鐵路工人 |
6. 定冠詞表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物
the sun 太陽(yáng) | the moon 月亮 |
the earth 地球 | the North Pole 北極 |
the universe 宇宙 | the globe 全球,全世界 |
the world 世界 | the atmosphere 大氣層 |
7. 定冠詞用于某些專有名詞前面
用定冠詞的專有名詞 | 例 詞 |
江河、海洋、海峽、 | the Changjiang River 長(zhǎng)江 |
以普通名詞構(gòu)成的 | the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó) |
公共建筑名稱前 | the Beijing Station 北京火車站 |
報(bào)刊、雜志、書籍、 | The People's Daily 人民日?qǐng)?bào) |
姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前 | the Browns 布朗一家 |
在海島、山峰以及湖泊等地理名詞前不加定冠詞。如:
Christmas Island 圣誕島 Mount Jolmo Lungma 珠穆朗瑪峰 Lake Baikal貝加爾湖
但是與“of”連用時(shí)這類名詞要加定冠詞。如:
the Lake of Geneva 日內(nèi)瓦湖 the Island of Taiwan 臺(tái)灣島
8. 定冠詞用于形容詞最高級(jí)前
This is the most interesting book I have everread.
這是我讀過(guò)的最有趣的一本書。
He was the poorest man here years ago,but now he is a richman.
幾年前他是這兒最窮的人,但現(xiàn)在他成了富人。
9. 定冠詞用于序數(shù)詞前
The first thing to be done now is to have a squaremeal.
現(xiàn)在要做的第一件事就是大吃一頓。
She is in the third group. 她在第三組。
10. 定冠詞用于表示標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或單位的名詞前
sell by the pound 論磅出售 | rent a house by the month 按月租房 |
buy coal by the ton 論噸買煤 | sell eggs by the dozen 論打出售雞蛋 |
11. 定冠詞用在play后與樂(lè)器連用
play the piano 彈鋼琴 | play the violin 拉小提琴 | play the flute 吹笛子 |
12. 定冠詞用于某些習(xí)語(yǔ)中
tell the truth 說(shuō)真話 | put the blame on sb 歸咎于某人 |
keep the peace 維持治安 | in the dark 在暗處 |
on the average 平均 | keep the house 居家不外出 |
in the air 在空中 | on the spot 當(dāng)場(chǎng) |
in the sun 在陽(yáng)光下 | on the alert 警惕 |
on the right在右邊 | in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處 |
act the lord 逞威風(fēng) | on the contrary 相反 |
by the way 順便說(shuō)一句 | out of the question不可能 |
in the right 有道理 | take the field 出征 |
carry the day 獲勝 | in the future 未來(lái) |
in the end 最終 | take the consequences 自食其果 |
on the air 廣播 | burn the midnight oil 開夜車 |
to the point 切題 | beside the question 離題 |
play the fool 做傻事 | on the rise/fall 增長(zhǎng)/下降 |
on the whole 總的說(shuō)來(lái) | on the increase/decrease 增長(zhǎng)/下降 |
in the open 在戶外 | in the morning/afternoon/evening |
第二章、不定冠詞
1. 不定冠詞指任何一類人、動(dòng)物或事物
An ocean is bigger than a sea. 洋比海大。
A car must be insured. 汽車一定要上保險(xiǎn)。
2. 不定冠詞表示某個(gè)人或物
There is a Mr Bush to see you. 有位布什先生要見(jiàn)你。
English is a useful tool in our communication.
英語(yǔ)是我們交流中一種有用的工具。
3. 不定冠詞用在某些數(shù)字表示的短語(yǔ)中
a million years一百萬(wàn)年 | a score of people 二十人 |
a dozen eggs 一打雞蛋 | a thousand people 一千人 |
4. 不定冠詞用在價(jià)格、速度、比率等短語(yǔ)中
5 pence a dozen 5便士一打 | 60 kilometers an hour 每小時(shí)六十公里 |
twice an hour 每小時(shí)兩次 | forty hours a week 每星期40小時(shí) |
5. 不定冠詞用于某些習(xí)語(yǔ)
a long time 很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 | a few 有幾個(gè) |
a little 有一點(diǎn) | get a grip of 掌握 |
in a wordord 總而言之 | in a temper 生氣 |
keep an eye on 照看 | have a gallop 快馬加 |
take a walk 散步 | at a loss 不知所措 |
have a try 試一下 | make a fool of… 捉弄…… |
all of a sudden 突然 | on a large scale 大規(guī)模地 |
make a racket 大聲喧嘩 | in a hurry 急忙 |
want a go 試一下 | as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上 |
take a break 休息一下 | take a bow 謝幕 |
as a rule 通常 | put an end to 結(jié)束 |
as a result 因此 | as a whole 一般地說(shuō) |
come to an end 結(jié)束 | have a good time 玩得痛快 |
with a view to 為了 | with a will 決心 |
have a cold 患感冒 | it's a pity that ... 真可惜 |
in a way 有些 | have a rest 休息一會(huì)兒 |
make a living 謀生 | have a word with 與……談話 |
make a fire 生火 | make a fortune 發(fā)財(cái) |
make a study of 研究 | take an interest in 對(duì)……感興趣 |
第三章、零冠詞1. 零冠詞用于抽象名詞前
Misfortunes never come singly. 禍不單行。
Wisdom is better than strength. 智慧勝于力量。
Sports is good for health. 運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于健康。
2. 零冠詞用于物質(zhì)名詞前
The windows are all covered with boards.窗戶全用木板堵上了。
Blood is thicker than water. 血濃于水。
3. 用零冠詞的專有名詞
(有稱號(hào)或頭銜的) | William Shakespeare 威廉-莎士比亞 |
村落、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、城市等 | Craford Village 克拉福村 |
區(qū)、州、縣、省、 | Florida 佛羅里達(dá)州 |
山峰、湖泊、海港、 | Fragrant Mountain 香山 |
街巷、花園、公園、 | Wall Street 華爾街 |
別墅、教堂、城堡、 | Nest Cottage 內(nèi)斯特別墅 |
上帝、圣經(jīng)等 | God 上帝 |
行星、星座等 | Mercury 水星 |
公司、工廠、農(nóng)場(chǎng)、 | Dala Farm 達(dá)拉農(nóng)場(chǎng) |
議會(huì)、政府、總部 | Congress 國(guó)會(huì)(美國(guó)) |
語(yǔ)言 | English 英語(yǔ) |
雜志、報(bào)紙等 | The New York Times 《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》 |
月份、星期、節(jié)假日等 | January 一月 |
4. 零冠詞表示類別(零冠詞用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞前時(shí)表示類別)
Dogs are faithful animals. 狗是忠實(shí)的動(dòng)物。
Apples are cheap in this area. 這個(gè)地區(qū)蘋果很便宜。
5. 零冠詞用于學(xué)科名稱前
mathematics 數(shù)學(xué) | chemistry 化學(xué) |
astronomy 天文學(xué) | psychology 心理學(xué) |
6. 零冠詞用于表示年份四季等的名詞前
Day was fading into dark. 白晝逐漸消失在黑暗中。
It was late afternoon before he reached home.傍晚時(shí)候他才到家。
If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天到了,春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎?
7. 零冠詞用于某些習(xí)語(yǔ)
in effect 事實(shí)上 | by accident 偶然 | in hospital 住院 |
by air 乘飛機(jī) | on duty 值班 | on foot 步行 |
under way 在進(jìn)行中 | in advance 事先 | out of question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) |
冠詞用法講練
(一)冠詞的位置
1) 在名詞詞組中,冠詞一般放在最前面。例如:
the last fewdaysa really good concert
2) 名詞詞組里如果有all, both, exactly, just, many, quite,rather, such, what等詞,這類詞可以放在冠詞之前。例如:
all thetimeboth (the) brothers
exactly the wrongcolourjust the right place
quite a nicedayrather a mess
such a funny story
3) 和as, how/however, so, too連用時(shí), 形容詞放在冠詞之前。例如:
He’s not so big a fool as youthink.
She’s as clever a girl as you’re everlikely to meet.
This is too heavy a bag for me tocarry.
How large an armchair did he have?
However tiring a day she may have, she neverloses her good humour.
(二)不定冠詞 (Indefinite Article)
1) a/an表示“任何一個(gè)(類)”,只能用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。例如:
We are having a committee meeting thisafternoon.
a/an不用于不可數(shù)名詞前。例如:
There will be discussion and argumentat the meeting.
He drinks milk every day.
2) 不可數(shù)名詞用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí),可用a/an。例如:
I’ve just bought a lovely big Danishcheese.
I don’t like cheese.
She was inspired with a new courage.
She showed great courage.
3) 用于表示價(jià)格、速度、比率等名詞前,如five pence a kilo, sixtykilometers an hour, four times a day等。
4) 用于下列這樣的固定短語(yǔ)中。如a couple, a dozen, half a dozen, ahundred, a lot of, a great many, a great deal of, a largeamount/quantity of, a good number of 等。
I’ve done a great deal of work today. (不可數(shù))
What a large number of books you have! (可數(shù))
It’s a good five miles(=at least five miles,perhaps mote) to the station.
5)以元音開頭的單詞前不定冠詞用an, 如:an apple, an egg, an item, an old man, anumbrella, an hour; 以輔音開頭的單詞前不定冠詞用a university student, a humorousman。
定冠詞的主要用法
a) 用于單數(shù)名詞前,表示“某一類人或物”,以區(qū)別于其他人或物。例如:
The tiger is a fierce(兇猛的) animal. (相當(dāng)于Atiger is a fierce animal.或Tigers are fierce animals.)
In this tribe the woman goes out hunting andthe man stays at home to look after the children.
下面三句中的斜體部分不能互換:
Who invented the radio? (指類別)
Who had a radio? (指同類中的任何一個(gè))
Who manufactured radios?(指這一類中的所有個(gè)體)
man 指“人類”時(shí),不用the。例如:
Man will conquer nature.
b) 用于指世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西,如 the moon,thesun,the world等。
c) 用于表示“樂(lè)器”的名詞前,但一般不用于表示“體育運(yùn)動(dòng)”的名詞前。例如:
Can you play the guitar?
I play football every day.
d) 用于某些形容詞前,可表示“一類人”。例如:
The young are impatient;they wantchanges.
e) 一般不用于表示“疾病”的名詞前。例如:
I’m just recovering fromrheumatism(風(fēng)濕?。?
下列病名前一般用a/an:
I have an ache in my head (a pain inthe neck).
He has a cold/a fever.
特指時(shí)需要用the。例如:
Jim has never really got over the malaria(瘧疾)he caught inthe East
f) 一般不用于表示“膳食”的名詞前,但有形容詞修飾時(shí)用the。例如:
Breakfast is served at eight.
The wedding breakfast was held in herfather’s house.
如果泛指,用a/an。例如:
He gave us a good breakfast.
g) bed, church, college, court, hospital, market,prison, school, sea和work等名詞用來(lái)指有關(guān)活動(dòng)時(shí),一般不用冠詞。例如:
It’s time for children to go to bed.(指to sleep)
He goes to church every Sunday. (指topray)
After the crash,seven people were taken tohospital. (指to be cured)
He spent six months in prison. (指to bepunished)
After I leave school, I want to go to (a)university. (指to study)
Ken is a seaman. He spends most of his life atsea. (指to sail)
注:在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,通常用a/the hospital,a university。
出于其他目的,如去參觀、訪問(wèn)這些地方或談到這些地方時(shí),根據(jù)情況用 a 或 the。
例如:
There is a bed in the room.
She was putting clean sheets on the bed.
The workmen went to the church to repair theroof.
Tom went to the prison to visit hisbrother.
I would love to live near the sea.
home 單獨(dú)使用時(shí),無(wú)冠詞;有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),用 the 或 a。例如:
She left home.
We went to the bride's home.
I don’t have a home to go to in thiscity.
h) 當(dāng)cinema, theatre,radio等名詞用于表示“看電影、看戲、聽無(wú)線電”時(shí),一般要用 the。例如:
We went to the cinema last night.
Do you often go to the theatre?
I heard the news on the radio.
television 用于表示“看電視”時(shí)不用 the。例如:
I watched the news on television.
指“電視機(jī)”時(shí)用the。例如:
Can you turn off the television,please?(=the television set)
注:許多固定詞組中的名詞前通常沒(méi)有冠詞,需要熟記,如day after day,husband andwife,father and son,lock and key,heaven and hell等。
3) 專用名詞前定冠詞的主要用法
a) 一般不用于單數(shù)人名前,但特指或強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)需用the。例如:
He’s the Mr. Smith I saw yesterday.
也可說(shuō):
A Mr. Smith has come here. (=A man calledSmith has come here.)
復(fù)數(shù)人名前需用the,如the Johnsons, theCoopers。
b) 不用于“頭銜+人名”前,但有頭銜無(wú)人名時(shí)需用the,以表示特指。例如:
I saw Queen Elizabeth when l was inLondon。
I saw the Queen when I was in London.
c) 不用于國(guó)家、省市等名詞前,但由短語(yǔ)組成的國(guó)名,或以s結(jié)尾的國(guó)名前需要用the。例如:
thePhilippinesthe Netherlands
the UnitedStatesthe United Kingdom
注:the Ukraine, the Congo, the Sudan, theHague為例外。
d) 用于表示國(guó)籍、民族的名詞前。例如:
theBritishthe Chinese
theDutchthe English
c) 用于表示地區(qū)的名詞前。例如:
the MiddleEastthe Far East
the north of England (但是:northernEngland)
f) 不用于街道、建筑等名詞前,但有 of 介詞短語(yǔ)修飾時(shí),需用the。例如:
BroadwayRed Square
the Tower of Londonthe Great Wall of China
Sam lives on l2th Street.
They changed the name of Sixth Avenue to theAvenue of Americas.
g) 用于河流、海洋、群島、山脈、海峽、海灣名詞前。例如:
theMississippithe Atlantic
the PhilippineIslandsthe Andes
the EnglishChannelthe Persian Gulf
但不用于單個(gè)島嶼、山峰前。例如:
Sicily(Mount)Etna
h) 不用于大學(xué)名稱前,但有 of 介詞短語(yǔ)修飾時(shí),需用the。例如:
YaleUniversityOxford University
the University of North Carolina
i) 不用于雜志名詞前,但用于報(bào)紙名詞前。例如:
NewsweekNatural History
the DailyNewsthe Washington Post
定冠詞的常見(jiàn)用法
⑴用在單數(shù)名詞前面,以代表同類的人或物,如:
The ox is a useful animal forfarmers.
This type of work is easierfor the teacher than for the student.
但當(dāng)涉及 man 和 woman 這兩個(gè)名詞時(shí),一般上不必用the :
Man is mortal.
Woman differs from man in manyways.
⑵用在單數(shù)名詞前面來(lái)表示有關(guān)名詞的抽象概念,如:
Don't play the fool.
Peter is fond of thebottle.
⑶用在數(shù)目字前面,如:
Mr Li is somewhere in the30s.
She was not yet born in the50s.
⑷用在測(cè)量單位前面,以表示“每”(each/per),如:
Some factory workers are paidby the hour.
This car usually does 15kilometres to the litre.
⑸用在比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞之前,以加強(qiáng)其意義,如:
The teacher explained the ideaagain, but his students were none the wiser.
Your mind will function allthe better if you have some time away from your work.
⑹用在“the more/better...the more/better...”結(jié)構(gòu)里,如:
The more we practise, the morewe improve.
The better the staff, thebetter the performance.
⑺用在樂(lè)器名稱之前,如:
The piano sounds better thanthe organ.
⑻用在劇院、電影院之前,如:
Do you often go to thecinema?
Tom went to the Lido lastweek.
⑼用在四個(gè)方向之前,如:
The sun rises in the east andsets in the west.
⑽用在復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前,以表示有關(guān)家人,如:
The Browns will visit ustonight.
⑾用在某些慣用語(yǔ)之前,如:
We know the ins and outs ofthe matter.
Compare the pros and consbefore you make your decision.
七、冠詞
1、Thank you for sending us ____ fresh vegetables ofmany kinds. You have done us ____ greatservice.
A、不填;aB、the;aC、不填;不填D、the;不填
【分析】A.第一空表示泛指,而第二空構(gòu)成一個(gè)短語(yǔ)do sb. a greatservice,其意思為“給某人提供好的服務(wù)”。Service在這里為抽象名詞具體化。
2、Young as he is, David has gained ____ richexperience in ____ society.
A、the; the B、a;不填C、不填;不填D、不填;the
【分析】C.experience意思為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”時(shí)是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞,當(dāng)意思為“經(jīng)歷”時(shí)是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞。本題是他在社會(huì)中贏得了很豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn),experience在此為不可數(shù)名詞,社會(huì)在這里是抽象名詞,所以不加冠詞。
3、The police have ____ power to deal with suchmatters by ____ law.
A、the; theB、不填;不填C、不填;the D、the;不填
【分析】D.句子第一空后面的不定式做定語(yǔ)對(duì)power進(jìn)行修飾,特指某種權(quán)力,用定冠詞the;而第二空后面的law泛指“法律”這一概念,不用冠詞。
4.—— “Do you know ______ English for ‘帥哥’?”
—— “I’m afraid I don’t. I’m not interested in _______ Englishlanguage.”
A. the,theB. the, 不填 C. 不填,the D. 不填, 不填
【分析】A。在英語(yǔ)中,表示語(yǔ)言的名詞前通常不用冠詞,但在某些特殊情況下可用冠詞。如:
(1) 當(dāng)語(yǔ)言名詞表特指意義,其前可用定冠詞。如:
The English spoken in America and Canada is a little differentfrom that spoken in England.
美國(guó)和加拿大講的英語(yǔ)與英國(guó)講的英語(yǔ)有點(diǎn)不同。
(2) 當(dāng)語(yǔ)言名詞表示某一語(yǔ)言中的對(duì)應(yīng)詞時(shí),其前要用定冠詞。如:
What’s the English for this? 這個(gè)東西用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)?
(3) 當(dāng)在語(yǔ)言名詞后加上 language一詞時(shí),也要用冠詞。如:
There have been many changes in the history of the Englishlanguage. 英語(yǔ)發(fā)展過(guò)程中有很多變革。
2. I couldn’t remember the exact date of the storm, but I knewit was ______ Sunday because everybody was at ______ church.
A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填,aD. 不填, 不填
【分析】B。確實(shí),在通常情況下星期名詞前不用冠詞,但在某些特殊情況下還是可以用冠詞的,如表示特指,其前可用定冠詞;表示“某一個(gè)”或受描繪性定語(yǔ)修飾表示“某種”這樣的意義等,其前可用不定冠詞。如:
He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday.他星期日來(lái),星期一就走了。
My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。
3. Which person do you refer to, the one with ______ longhairorthe one with _______ longbeard?
A. a, a B.不填,不填 C. a,不填D. 不填,a
【分析】D。hair 和 beard 在用法上并不完全相同:hair可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí),指一根一根的毛發(fā)或頭發(fā),如說(shuō) There’s a hair in my soup(我的湯里有根頭發(fā));用作不可數(shù)名詞(集合名詞)時(shí),則是整體地指一個(gè)人的頭發(fā)。比較:
He has gray hairs. 他有幾根白發(fā)了。
He has gray hair. 他滿頭白發(fā)了。
而beard則通常只用作可數(shù)名詞,且指的是一個(gè)人所有的胡須,而不是指一根胡須,它的復(fù)數(shù)形式,通常是指多個(gè)人的胡須,而不是指多根胡須,如:
He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡須。
Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡須。
4. I once watched _______ one-act play, which was played by_______ 11-year-old boy.
A. a, a B.an, an C. a,anD. an, a
【分析】C。第一空填 a,因?yàn)?one-act的第一個(gè)音是輔音不是元音;第二空填an,是因?yàn)?1的英文是eleven它的第一個(gè)音是元音不是輔音。類似:
(1) Before he was arrested, he had taken _______ one-monthholiday, and stayed in the country with ________ 18-year-old girl,one of his students.
A. a, a B. an, an C. a,an D. an,a
(2) We hired _______ one-eyed man to play in our film, and wegave him _______ 100-pound check for just one minute.
A. a, an B. an, a C. a, a D.an, an
5.—— “Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.”
——“Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.”
A. a, the B. the, the C. a,aD. the, a
【分析】C。第一空填a,比較好理解;而第二空填a是因?yàn)榇司渲械膐ne 并非指前面提到的 pen,即這里的 one 與前面的pen 并非同一事物,這從后面一句的 I think I saw it somewhere 可以清楚地知道。比較:
——“Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.”
—— “Is it _____ black one? I found it in the corner.”
A. a, the B. the, the C. a,a D. the, a
注意其后 I found it in the corner這一信息,它表明說(shuō)明者是拿著筆在與對(duì)方說(shuō)話。再如:
——“Have you seen _______ new bike? I put it here just now.”
—— “Is it _______ white one? A boy has ridden it away.”
A. a; a B. a; the C. the;the D. the; a
注意其后的 A boy has ridden it away 表明自行車已不在說(shuō)話者身旁.
the定冠詞省不得
在下面這段和產(chǎn)業(yè)買賣有關(guān)的英文里,存在著 4個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。你看得出來(lái)嗎?
“If you have the intention tosell your flat. Please don't hesitate to call us, we'll offer youhightest selling price.”
第一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是句型形式“have the intentionto sell”的錯(cuò)誤;正確的形式是:intend to sell 或 have the intention ofselling.
另外兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)有關(guān)。一個(gè)是在副詞分句后面不該用句點(diǎn)而用;另一個(gè)是應(yīng)該用句點(diǎn)的地方而不用。
“If...flat”是條件副詞分句,不可獨(dú)立生存,必須依賴后頭的主句“please...us”,才可以成為完整的復(fù)雜句(complexsentence)。這樣一來(lái),主句前面的句點(diǎn),就要改成逗號(hào)(,)了。
另外一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是兩個(gè)主句之間既沒(méi)有句點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有連接詞,而只有逗號(hào);這種錯(cuò)誤叫 run-on sentence:
“..., please don't hesitate tocall us, we...”
這個(gè)句子里的逗號(hào)(,)要改為句點(diǎn)(。)才對(duì):
“...。Please don't hesitate tocall us. We...”
不用句點(diǎn)也可以,但要用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞,如:
“..., please don't hesitate tocall us, as we'll offer you...”
談了3個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,現(xiàn)在來(lái)談最后一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,就是定冠詞(definite article)的消失:
“We'll offer you highestselling price.”
習(xí)慣上,最高級(jí)形容詞(the superlativedegree of adjectives)前面要用定冠詞 the。因此,這句話要改為:
“We'll offer you the highestselling price.”
必須使用定冠詞的例子
接下來(lái),順便把其他必須用定冠詞的場(chǎng)合列下,作為參考。
㈠ 表示世上唯一的事物,如:
① the sun; the earth; the sky;the North Pole
㈡ 當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞被再次提起時(shí),如:
② A car knocked against atree. We can still see the mark on the tree made by the car.
㈢ 當(dāng)名詞后面有個(gè)修飾作用的短語(yǔ)或分句時(shí),如:
③ The girl in red is mysister.
④ The thief who stole yourwallet yesterday was arrested.
㈣ 加在某些形容詞前面,以表示某類人或事,如:
⑤ The rich often get richerand the poor, poorer.
⑥ The doctor lost no time ingiving help to the injured.
⑦ Don't expect theimpossible.
㈤ 加在某些山川、河流、島嶼、國(guó)家名稱之前,如:
⑧ the Alps; the Thames; theBritish Isles; the Philippines; the Atlantic Ocean.
2010年高考英語(yǔ)試題分類匯編——冠詞
(10福建)
21. It’sgoodfeeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that givesthempleasure.
A. 不填,aB. a,不填C. the, aD. a, the
21. 答案:B
考點(diǎn):冠詞的使用
解析:good feeling并非特指,故用a;pleasure是抽象名詞,無(wú)需冠詞。句意為“人們喜歡上海世博會(huì)給它們的快樂(lè),這是(一)種不錯(cuò)的感覺(jué)” a good feeling , 一種不錯(cuò)的感覺(jué),give sb pleasure。
(10山東)
22. If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______better view.
A. 不填;theB.不填;aC. the;aD. the;the
答案:C
考點(diǎn): 本題考查冠詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的使用。
解析: 句意應(yīng)為“如果我們坐在公共汽車的前部,就會(huì)有更好的視野?!北硎尽澳晨臻g內(nèi)部的前部”時(shí),front前要加定冠詞the;have a good view是習(xí)慣搭配,表示“視野開闊,視野良好”之意;所以C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
(10江蘇)
21. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the factthat_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____new Jiangsu.
A.不填; a B.不填;the C.the; a D.the; the
選A. 第一空,來(lái)自社會(huì)各階層的人. 是不特指,不用冠詞. 第二空, 在Jiangsu 前有形容詞new因此,應(yīng)加冠詞a.表示一個(gè)全新的江蘇
(10遼寧)
22.There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _______ space, about900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.
A. the;theB. 不填;theC. the;不填D. a; the
答案:B
句意:太空中有超過(guò)58,000的巖狀物體,其中大約900有可能掉到地球上。
解析:考查冠詞。第一空in space是固定短語(yǔ),不用冠詞,第二空名詞earth屬于獨(dú)一無(wú)二事物的名詞,其前必須用定冠詞。
(10北京)
35. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you neverget __ second chance to make __ first impression.
A. a;theB. the;theC. a;aD. the; a
35. 答案:A
考點(diǎn): 冠詞
解析:很多同學(xué)錯(cuò)在第二個(gè)空to make a firstimpression上了。在做題的時(shí)候不夠細(xì)心,因?yàn)榇祟}的句意是:第一印象是最持久的。總之,你永遠(yuǎn)不可能有第二個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去再給別人留一次第一印象。本題強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是第二個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)asecond chance;第二次留一個(gè)第一印象,make a first impression. first為干擾因素。
若句意改變?yōu)椋耗銢](méi)有機(jī)會(huì)去改變你的第一印象You never get a secondchance to change the first impression。此處再填the就合情合理了。
(10重慶)
27. Everything comes withprice;there is no suchthingas free lunch in the world.
A. a,aB. the,/C. the,aD. a, /
27. 答案D
考點(diǎn):考查冠詞。
解析: price意思是“代價(jià)”,為可數(shù)名詞,第二空前邊有no,后面的名詞不用冠詞,故選 D項(xiàng)。
(10浙江)
2. Many lifestyle patterns do suchgreatharm to health that they actually speed up
weakeningof the human body.
A. a;/B. /; the
C. a;theD. /;/
答案:B
考點(diǎn):本題考查冠詞。
解析:句意:許多生活方式對(duì)人類的健康有害,他們加速了人類身體的衰退。本題考查冠詞,對(duì)……有害用短語(yǔ)“do harmto”表示,中間無(wú)需冠詞;之后的weakening是由動(dòng)詞的ing形式表示抽象的名詞,表達(dá)一種概念、狀況時(shí)需要加上the。
(10四川)
2.Inmost countries, a university degree can give youflyingstart in life.
A. the;aB. the; 不填C.不填;不填D.不填; a
答案:D
考點(diǎn):考查冠詞。
解析: mostcountries此處表泛指,most前不加定冠詞the.第二個(gè)空處應(yīng)為“一個(gè)高起點(diǎn)的開始”,故用a ,正確答案為D。
愛(ài)華網(wǎng)本文地址 » http://www.klfzs.com/a/25101017/335176.html
愛(ài)華網(wǎng)




