愛華網(wǎng)非謂語動詞與從句間的相互關(guān)系及轉(zhuǎn)換:英語中的非謂語動詞是整個(gè)英語語法當(dāng)中非常重要的部分，也是英語學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。非謂語動詞作句子成分時(shí)與相應(yīng)的從句有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系，它們之間可以有條件的進(jìn)行相互轉(zhuǎn)換。 一、非謂語動詞與從旬的相互關(guān)系
(一)不定式和分詞作定語相當(dāng)于定語從句
不定式通常位于被修飾名詞后。與該名詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。如果不定式與所修飾名詞在意思上是被動且邏輯上的主語不出現(xiàn)時(shí)，要用不定式的被動式，與所修飾名詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。分詞作定語時(shí)，單個(gè)分詞置于名詞之前，分詞短語置于名詞之后，與名詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系或被動主謂關(guān)系。定語從句和不定式、分詞作定語只是兩種不同的表達(dá)方式，本質(zhì)是相同的。
例如：I have many letters to type．(動賓關(guān)系)
→I have many letters which I should type．
Ihave many letters to be typed．(被動主謂關(guān)系)
→I havemanyletterswhich areto be typed by other．
The standing people shouted at the dean．(主謂關(guān)系)
(二)不定式和分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句
1．不定式多作目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語．故可以轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句。
例如：Mother got up early to catch the early bus．(目的狀語）
→Mother got叩early 80 as to(i．order to)catch the early bus．
--→Mother got up early 80 that(in order that)she migllt catchtheearly bus．
【注意】80 as to和80 that不可放在句首。
She is too young to join the army．(結(jié)果狀語)
She is 80 young tllat she cannot ioin the army．
2．分詞作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式和讓步等，相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)狀語的從句。如果分詞的邏輯主語與主句主語一致，則用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果分詞的邏輯主語與主句是被動關(guān)系且主語一致時(shí)，則用過去分詞。分詞作狀語時(shí)，如果其帶有邏輯上的主語，稱為分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語無語法聯(lián)系。
例如：Seeing those pictures．he couldn't help thinking of theunforgettable days in New York．(時(shí)間狀語)
→When he saw those pictures．he eouldn"t help thinking of theunforgettable days in New Y0rk．
二、非謂語動詞與從旬的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
(一)不定式與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
1．不定式作主語可轉(zhuǎn)換成主語從句。
例如：When and where(for．8)to hold the meeting is unknown yet．
→When and where We'will hold the meeting is unknoen yet．
2．不定式作賓語或賓補(bǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句。
例如：I don't know what to do with the matter．
→I don't know what I should do with the matter．
3．不定式作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換成表語從句。
例如：IVlywish is to become a pilot after graduation．
→My wish is that I can become a pilot after graduation．
4．不定式作定語可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從旬。
例如：The meeting to be held tomolTow is ofgreat importance．
→The meeting that／which will be held is ofgreat importance．
5．不定式作且的、結(jié)果、原因狀語可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。
例如：They Started off early in order to(so as to)arrive intime．
→They started of early in order that(so that)they could arrive intime．
(二)動名詞與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
1．動名詞作主語可轉(zhuǎn)換成that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
例如：Tom’s knowing English helps him in learning French．
→That Tom knowsEnglish help him inlearningFrench．
2．動名詞作賓語可轉(zhuǎn)換成that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
例如：Il'elnember having paid himforhiswork．
→I rememberthatI have paid himfor hiswork．
3．動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換成that引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
例如：Our worry is your depending too much on him．
→Our worry is that you depend too much on him．
(三) 1分詞與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
1．分詞作定語可轉(zhuǎn)換成that，who，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
例如：The man talking to my teacher is my father．
→The man who／that is talking to my teacher is my father．
2．分詞作狀語可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。
例如：Wllile waiting for the bus-I caught sight ofher．
→whlile I was waiting for the bus．I caught sight ofher．
3．分詞作賓補(bǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句。
例如：I found him waiting for a bus at the station．
→I found that he was waiting for a bus at the station．
4．分詞在句中作伴隨或結(jié)果狀語時(shí)。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句。也可和 tII結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換。
例如：He died,leaving his daughter much money．
→He died，and he)left his daughter much money．
三、分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與從句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
(一)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為從句
1．表示時(shí)間的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為時(shí)間狀語從旬。
例如：The shower being over，we continued our joumey．
→When the shower was over．we continued our journey．
2．表示理由的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為原因狀語從句。
例如：Au the tickets having been sold out，they went awaydisappointed ．
→As all the tickets had been sold out，they went away disanppointed ．
3．表示條件的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為條件狀語從句。
例如：All things considered，her paper is better than yours.
→If all things are considered．her paper is better than yours.
4．表示伴隨狀態(tài)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為并列句或兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。
例如：He went to the front door．his students following him．(=He wentto the front door，folowed by his students．)
→He went to the front door．a(chǎn)n d his students followed
him．
(二)從句轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
1．從句變?yōu)榉衷~的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要去掉連詞，保留自己的主語。然后把從句的謂語變換為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較下面的句子。
例如：Mother being ill in bed．I Can't go to scho1．
→As Mother is iu in bed．I can 't go to schoo1．
2．表示伴隨狀態(tài)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可在其前面加用tll或without．
例如：Hewent away，and not awordwas spoken．
→He went away．without a word spoken．
3．當(dāng)分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的含義表示“一般人”，如we，one。you時(shí)。主語可以省略。
例如：Judging from his face．he must be ill．
→If we judge from his face,he must be ill．
來源：能飛英語網(wǎng)（http://www.langfly.com）[詳細(xì)地址]：http://www.langfly.com/a/20110120/221225.shtml
英語中的非謂語動詞是整個(gè)英語語法當(dāng)中非常重要的部分，也是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。其實(shí)，我們可以從從句的角度來解釋非謂語動詞，弄清非謂語動詞與從句的關(guān)系。
I. v-ing 形式與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
1. v-ing形式作主語可換成that引導(dǎo)的主語從句
Tom's knowing English helps him in learningFrench. That _________ helps him in learningEnglish.
Her being out of work was unexpected._____________________ was unexpected.
2. v-ing形式作賓語或賓補(bǔ)可換成that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
I remember having paid him for his work. I rememberthat___________________.
He suggests our making better use of the school library. Hesuggests _________________________.
3. v-ing形式作表語可換成that引導(dǎo)的表語從句
Our worry is your depending too much on him. Our worry isthat ___________________
The question is many people's being trapped in the fire. Thequestion is _______________________.
4. v-ing形式作定語可換成that, who, which引導(dǎo)的定語從句
We will study in the house facing south. We will study inthe house that / which____________
The man talking to my teacher is my father. The man__________________ is my father.
5. v-ing形式作狀語可換成相應(yīng)狀語從句
On arriving there, I will telephone you. ____________________, I will telephone you.
While waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her. __________________, I caught sight of her.
另外，v-ing形式在句中表伴隨或作結(jié)果狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，也可和with結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換。
He died, leaving his daughter much money. He died, and (he)__________________.
II. V-ed形式與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
1. v-ed形式作定語可換成定語從句
The question discussed yesterday is very important. Thequestion that / which ______is very important.
The boy lost in thought is my brother. The boy_______________is my brother.
2. v-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)可換成賓語從句
I found the room broken into and a lot of things stolen. Ifound (that) ___________ and ____________
3. v-ed形式作狀語可換成狀語從句
(If) heated, water will turn into steam. ________________,water will turn into steam.
Don't speak until spoken to. Don't speak_____________________
III. to do形式與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換
1. to do形式作主語可轉(zhuǎn)換成主語從句
When and where (for us) to hold the meeting is unknownyet. When and where _________ is unknown yet.
They seemed to be eating something cooked on the fire. Itseemed ______________________
2. to do形式作賓語或賓補(bǔ)可換成賓語從句
I don't know what to do with the matter. I don't know______________
I warned him not to drive the car after drinking. I warned_______________________.
3. to do形式作表語可換成表語從句
My wish is to become a pilot after graduation. My wish is________________________.
My only worry was for her not to have enough experience in it. My only worry was________________
4. to do形式作定語可換成定語從句
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. Themeeting ________ is of great importance.
He was the first to arrive and the last to leave. He was thefirst__________ and the last__________
5. to do形式作目的、結(jié)果、原因狀語可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句
They started off early in order / so as to arrive in time. They started off early____________________
She was so excited as not to go to sleep. She was too excitedto go to sleep. She was___ excited ________
