China’s economic development has made rapid progress in the past20 years and young people have made a great contribution to thisprogress.

語境特指：

The global crisis is a challenge for the whole world.Confidence, cooperation and responsibility are keys to overcomingthe crisis.

——I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.

——It is not your fault. With the rush-hour traffic and the heavyrain, it is no wonder you were late.

——What’s the schedule for this weekend?

—— A greeting ceremony for Professor White will be held in thelecture hall.

My neighbor asked me to go for a walk, but I don’t think I’vegot the energy.

I look under the bed and found the book I lost last week.

Don’t worry if you can’t come to the party. I’ll save some cakefor you .

冠詞

泛指：首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。

特指：上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修飾語在其后加以限定的人或事物，或是指說話雙方心目中所默認(rèn)的特定的人或事物。

類指：具有共同性質(zhì)或典形持征的事物的一個類別。

In many palces in China, the bicycle is still a popular means oftransportation.

A compass is a device used to show people directions.

Peacocks are beautiful birds.

Milk is nutritious.

注意： the tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.

The area experienced the heaviest rainfall in the month ofMay.

不定冠詞的用法

1、 輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用a,元音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用an.

Mrs. Taylor has an 8-year-old daughter who has a gift forpainting——she won tow national prizes.

I earned 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier onSaturdays.

2、不定冠詞用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表泛指，而不強調(diào)數(shù)量。

It is often said that teachers have a very easy life.

3、 不定冠詞可用于具體化的抽象名詞或物質(zhì)名詞前

Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.

When you finish reading the book,you will have a betterunderstanding of life.

Her new book is a collection of short stories.

常見的不可數(shù)名詞意義具體化形式為：

有些抽象名詞是由其動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，后面+of時，前面需要不定冠詞。

4、世界上獨一無二的事物前面通常加定冠詞the，但是其前面有修飾語時，應(yīng)使不定冠詞。

We can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less pollutedworld.

表示獨一無二的事和一些抽象名詞前有形容詞修飾，可加不定冠詞。

定冠詞的用法

1、 定冠詞the用在表特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前，指前面已經(jīng)提到或說話雙方都能體會到或說明了的人或事物，或有一定語境明確地限制其范圍或確定其為某一具體的人或事物。

I knew John Lennon, but not the famous one.

The on-going division between English-speaking Canadians andFrench-speaking Canadians is a major concern of thecountry. 抽象名詞

2、 定冠詞the用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，從整體上表示一類人或事物。

The wrmth of the sweater will of course be determined by thesort of wool used.

3、定冠詞用于形容詞、副詞最高級或序數(shù)詞前，但當(dāng)序數(shù)詞不表順序，而表示再一、又一的時候，使用不定冠詞

This area experience the heaviest rainfall in the month ofMay.(固定用法)

The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one becausethe second one is rather too small.

4、 姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前加定冠詞表示一家人

——Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons, please?

——Sorry ,we don’t have a Johnson here in the village.

5、 由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前通常加定冠詞

On May 5,2005mat the World Table Tennis Championship, KongLinghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in men’s doubles with ascore of 4：1（比分不是唯一的，表示泛指）

6、 科學(xué)發(fā)明，科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的名詞前要用the

Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

7、 語境特指

My neighor asked me to go for a walk, but I don’t think I’ve gotthe energy.

考查零冠詞和固定用法

1、 不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，用零冠詞。

His father went to his doctor for advice about his hearttrouble.

Horses are useful animals.

2、 抽象化的具體名詞前使用零冠詞

If you go by train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey,but make sure you get a fast one.

This book tells the life story of John Smith, who leftschool and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.

by+交通工具

at/in/to +組織機構(gòu)

go to school , go to church, go to bed , be in hospital, sit attable ,in class , in office

固定用法

3、 有些名詞有兩個或多個意思，有時會出現(xiàn)意思不同的可數(shù)性不同。

man whilehe was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton madea discovery which completely changed man’sunderstanding of colour.

life 生活，生命work 工作， 作品、藝術(shù)品 room 空間，房間 experience 經(jīng)驗，經(jīng)歷 success/failure 成功，成功的人或成功的事情 word 消息， 單詞，人說的話 paper 紙，試卷，論文，報紙surprise 一件意外的事情 pleasure 一件樂事concern 一件令人關(guān)切的事

Jumping out of an airplane at ten thousand feet is quite anexciting experience.

When you finish reading the book, you will have a betterunderstanding of life.

Many people have come to realize that they should go on abalanced diet and make room in their day forexercise. 固定用法

How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was asuccess.

4、 球類、三餐、棋類運動、季節(jié)月份星期節(jié)假日、以及學(xué)科名詞前通常使用零冠詞

St. Valentine’s Day

She is a newcomer to chemistry but she has already make someimportant discoveries.

5、 系動詞turn后單數(shù)名詞作表語，用零冠詞。

Has he turned scientist?

Nothing can make me turn traitor against my country.

注意事項：具體問題具體分析

1、職稱前一般不加冠詞，注意“職稱” 和“具有某個職稱的人”的區(qū)別

Mr Johnson, husband of the famous writer has been electedpresident of that university.

I know the president of that university.

2、專有名詞前冠詞的用法往往比較復(fù)雜，但一般情況下，不含普通名詞的純有名詞前不用冠詞，如NewYork Dawning Street

但是，在江河，湖泊，海洋，山脈，群島，海峽，海灣，運河前用the

①the Hudson River, theThames theAlps

the SuezCanal theSahara the Philippines

②在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前用the

the GreatWall theSummer Palace

③有一些地名，如果是以純專有名詞開頭的，一般不用冠詞，但如果是以普通名詞開頭的，一般用定冠詞。

Beijing University theUniversity of Beijing

3、西洋樂器名稱前往往用定冠詞，但是當(dāng)此類名詞用作普通名詞時，可以與不定冠詞連用。此外，中國樂器名詞前不用冠詞。

He is playing a borrowed violin.

4、in front of / in the frontoftake place/ take the place of

in possession of sth/ in the possession of sb in sight of /inthe sight of

take advice/ take theadvice

out of question(beyondquestion) out of thequestion(impossible)

He is in charge of the factory.The factory is in the charge ofhim.

5、a/the +名詞+and +名詞

Let me introduce Mr. Smith , an athlete and writer.

I met a professor and an author at the party.

Have you seen the white and yellow flags over there.

有些名詞常成對出現(xiàn)，被視為一體，用一個冠詞

a cup andsaucer aknife and fork a bow andarrow a needle and thread

6、I don’t know who invented the telephone ,but it’s a mostwonderful invention.

7、固定短語

To make matters worse, Mr. Green lost his job last year. So thefamily are struggling to make ends meet.

He is the only teacher who can speak French in our school and anonly son in the family.

He had decided to give it up, but on second thoughts he decidedto try a third time for the position.

8、the/a/an+名詞+介賓短語

the +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+介賓短語

Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes inthe weather around the world.

The biggest whale is the blue whale, which grows to be about 29meters long—— the height of a 9-story building.

a /an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+介賓短語

In the United States, there is always a flow of people to areasof the country where more jobs can be found.

I like the color of your skirt. It is a good match for yourblouse.

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