[滿分作文30天速成]
第三天:如何表達(dá)百分比
問卷調(diào)查是高中作文命題的一個(gè)常見方式。對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析和描述時(shí),常需要使用百分比。
一、必須知道的兩個(gè)名詞
Percent的中文意思是:百分之…,如果你怕麻煩,還可以簡化成%,這個(gè)單詞還可以分開來寫成:percent,例如:16%的男生有心理問題。
1. 16%of the boys have mental problems.
2. 16 percentof the boys have mental problems.
3. 16 percent of the boys have mental problems.
Percentof…后面的名詞直接決定著后面謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
16 percent of theboys are overweight.
Over 60 percent ofthe earth surface is covered with water.
但是,percentage中文是:百分率,百分比。如果用它表達(dá)上面的例句,可以說成:
The percentage of theboys who have mental problems is 16 percent.
我們漢語中常說的百分點(diǎn)可以被表達(dá)成:percentagepoints,例如:
Interest rate fellby six percentage points.
利率下降了六個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
常見的詞組有:ahigh/low/small percentage of,例如:
A high percentage ofmarried women have part-time jobs.
已婚婦女兼職的比例非常高。
二、必須知道的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞
在表達(dá)“占一定數(shù)量或比例”時(shí),我們使用頻率最高的動(dòng)詞有:
Afro-Americansaccount for 12% of the US population.
Afro-Americansmake up 12% of the US population.
非裔美國人占美國人口的百分之十二。
Accountfor還有另外一個(gè)常用用法,相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞explain。請看例句:
Recent pressure atwork may account for his strange behavior.
他行為怪異的原因可能是工作壓力大。
相比之下,makeup的意思非常豐富,用法更多。例如:
They made himup as an old man for the last act of the play.
在最后一幕中,他們把她裝扮成一個(gè)老頭。
When you're theboss you can make up your own rules.
當(dāng)你是老板時(shí),你可以制定你自己的規(guī)矩。
I don't eatbreakfast but I make up for it at lunch.
通常我不吃早飯,到中飯的時(shí)候在彌補(bǔ)。
三、如何表達(dá)“比例高低”
上面作文提示中,就有這樣的一句:
大約12%的學(xué)生有情緒問題,其中,女生的比例比較高。
那么,如何表達(dá)比例的高低呢?最簡單的表達(dá)就是:
Most of the studentswith emotional problems are girls.
在有情緒問題的學(xué)生中,女生占絕大多數(shù)。
再高級的一點(diǎn)的表達(dá),可以使用短語themajority of或者a minority of,例如:
The majority of thestudents with emotional problems are girls.
在有情緒問題的學(xué)生中,女生占絕大多數(shù)。
Only aminority of people support these new laws.
只有少數(shù)的人支持這些新法律。
此外,還有介詞短語in themajority和in a/the majority,上面的兩句句話可以說成:
Amongthe students with emotional problems, girls are in themajority.
在有情緒問題的學(xué)生中,女生占絕大多數(shù)。
People who supportthese new laws are in a minority.
只有少數(shù)的人支持這些新法律。
四、百分比的其他表達(dá)
當(dāng)出現(xiàn)多個(gè)百分比時(shí),可以對數(shù)字進(jìn)行一些處理和轉(zhuǎn)換,避免表達(dá)重復(fù),例如:
第一組:百分之二十五的新生來自農(nóng)村。
25 percent of the newstudents come from the countryside.
A quarter of the newstudents come from the countryside.
第二組:在受訪的人群中,百分之五十一的人支持這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)。
51% of people surveyedare in favor of the campaign.
Over half of peoplesurveyed are in favor of the campaign.
第三組:這個(gè)班級有百分之六十七的學(xué)生患了近視眼。
67 percent of thestudents in the class are short- sighted.
About two-thirds ofthe students in the class are short-sighted.
第四組:70%的老師贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃,17%的人反對,13%的人不確定。
70% of the teacherssupport the plan. 17% of them are against it. 13% arenot sure.
70% of the teacherssupport the plan. 17% of them are against it. Therest are unsure.
五、三個(gè)重要的定語
在百分比之后,常要加上一些限定詞,例如:
16% of the studentssurveyed suffer from mental problems.
在接受的學(xué)生當(dāng)中,有16%的學(xué)生有心理問題。
Boys make up 53% ofthe students with mental problems.
在有心理問題的學(xué)生當(dāng)中,男生占53%。
很多時(shí)候,我們也可以使用定語從句或分詞結(jié)構(gòu),例如上面的句子也可以寫成:
Boys make up 53% ofthe students who suffer from mentalproblems.
Boys make up 53% ofthe students suffering from mentalproblems.
六、其他的表達(dá)技巧

首先,看一個(gè)例句:
16.2% of the boyshave mental problems. 11.4% of the girls have mentalproblems.
16.2%的男生有心理健康問題,11.4%的女生有心理健康問題。
這是男女學(xué)生之間的對比,我們可以使用while把這個(gè)兩句話合二為一:
16.2% of the boyshave mental problems while 11.4% of the girls have mentalproblems.
再認(rèn)真看一下,這兩句話的謂語和賓語都一樣,只有主語不同,還可以簡化為:
16.2% of the boys and 11.4% ofthe girls have mental problems.
最近,你所在的研究性學(xué)習(xí)小組對全校3558名學(xué)生的心理健康狀況進(jìn)行了問卷調(diào)查,收到有效問卷3531份。請你根據(jù)所提供的信息用英語寫一篇文章,向?qū)W校英語廣播站投稿。(2013年鹽城高三第二次模擬考試作文題,有改動(dòng))
問題 | 16.2%的男生有心理健康問題,11.4%的女生有心理健康問題。 l情緒問題(如過度焦慮、自卑等):占總數(shù)的11.6% , 其中, 女生比例較高; l行為問題(如撒謊、偷竊等):占總數(shù)的8.8% , 其中, 男生比例較高。 |
原因 | 父母過多懲罰、過分干涉、家庭不和睦; 自身學(xué)習(xí)壓力過大、與周圍的人際關(guān)系不融洽。 |
建議 | 不少于兩點(diǎn)。 |
文章的開頭已經(jīng)給出:
Our project groupmade a survey on the mental problems among the students in ourschool recently. We handed out questionnaires to all the 3558students and collected 3531 valid ones.
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According to thesurvey, 16.4% of the boys and 11.4% of the girls suffer from mentalproblems. 11.6% of all the students surveyed haveemotional problems like feeling anxious and lacking confidence, andamong the students with this problem, girls are in themajority. 8.8% of all the students have abnormal behaviorslike telling lies and stealing things and boys are morelikely to have this problem.
Various factors mayaccount for this phenomenon. For one thing, someparents can’t build a harmonious family. Some have tight control oftheir children and punish them too often. For another, manystudents are under heavy pressure from study andunable to get along well with people around.
In my view, parentsshould give their children enough freedom and space and oftencommunicate with them. Besides, schools are expected to establishcampus counseling centers to offer timely help. Last but not theleast, students had better keep optimistic and develop morehobbies.
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