鏈接：12年前腦后挨悶棍美一男子變身數(shù)學(xué)天才

賈森·帕吉特

美國中年男子賈森·帕吉特12年前遇襲，腦后挨了一悶棍，醒來后突然展現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)天才。他把這段奇特經(jīng)歷寫成回憶錄，于22日出版。

帕吉特現(xiàn)年43歲，家住華盛頓州塔科馬。12年前，他就是一個普通人，對數(shù)學(xué)等學(xué)科毫無興趣。

轉(zhuǎn)折點出現(xiàn)在2002年9月13日夜間。當(dāng)時，他走出一家酒吧。兩名男子從他背后偷襲，他頭部挨了一悶棍，神志不清，交出夾克后才得以脫身。

第二天醒來，帕吉特走進(jìn)浴室，覺得眼前的世界完全變了樣，“水流變成一條條垂直的線”。

隨后，帕吉特開始癡迷于家中所有的線條。并且他不再上班，投入全部時間和精力研究數(shù)學(xué)和物理，專注于分形幾何學(xué)。

之后有一天，帕吉特看到一部講述自閉癥天才的紀(jì)錄片，覺得與自己相似。他向有關(guān)專家求助，確診自己患上了“后天性學(xué)者癥候群”。這類患者通常因頭部受創(chuàng)，突然出現(xiàn)超凡的數(shù)學(xué)、音樂或藝術(shù)才能。全世界大約有40名后天性學(xué)者癥候群患者。

功能性磁共振成像技術(shù)掃描結(jié)果顯示，帕吉特的左腦非?；钴S，尤其是左側(cè)頂葉，這一部位主要負(fù)責(zé)進(jìn)行邏輯思維、理性思維和線性思維。那一悶棍似乎改變了帕吉特的腦部結(jié)構(gòu)，使他變成數(shù)學(xué)天才。（博主觀點：一次不幸的遭遇反倒使他成為了了數(shù)學(xué)天才，感覺帕吉特真的很幸運！但是，這只能說是不幸中的萬幸，是一種偶然的結(jié)果，想成才的朋友們可千萬別人為制造這種特殊情況，因為決定一個人成才與否的因素太多，智商、環(huán)境、性格等多種因素缺一不可?。?/p>

*書店24小時營業(yè)不是一個好方法

圖文并茂解說陜西八大怪

1、面條像褲帶。

2、鍋盔像鍋蓋

3、辣子一道菜

2000年溫家寶訪問寶雞時，曾題下“這里是全國最大的辣椒培育基地”。寶雞地區(qū)是陜西秦椒的主要產(chǎn)地之一，同時也培育秦椒的種子。現(xiàn)在的“航天辣椒”就在陜西地區(qū)培育栽種。

4、碗盆難分開

西安有道很著名的菜：老碗魚。去試試吧，點一份，4個人都夠吃了。價格實惠量又大！

5、手帕頭上戴

這個，現(xiàn)在的年輕人很少有這么做的了，不過老太太倒是真的常常這樣。

6、房子半邊蓋

7、關(guān)中女兒不對外

由于不符合科學(xué)，這個怪早已經(jīng)被打破了。

8、板凳不坐蹲起來

這個很常見，要問為什么，人家會告訴你：蹲著湊是舒服！

其實這八大怪的說法，有的版本還包括“唱戲吼起來”。陜西人好（四聲）聽秦腔，晚上常有人在公園里自彈自唱。秦腔聽起來就跟吼一樣。這也能解釋為什么陜西出了像鄭鈞、許巍還有唐朝樂隊這樣的搖滾了，簡單啊，秦腔是另一類的搖滾！

進(jìn)化論先驅(qū)拉馬克

　　他被譽為18世紀(jì)最后一位偉大的生物學(xué)家。達(dá)爾文稱贊他是第一個在物種起源問題上得出結(jié)論的人。他就是進(jìn)化論的卓越先驅(qū)拉馬克。

拉馬克，法國博物學(xué)家。生物學(xué)偉大的奠基人之一，生物學(xué)一詞是他發(fā)明的，最先提出生物進(jìn)化的學(xué)說，是進(jìn)化論的倡導(dǎo)者和先驅(qū)。他還是一個分類學(xué)家，林奈(Carl von linne'1707～1778)的繼承人。主要著作有《法國全境植物志》、《無脊椎動物的系統(tǒng)》、《動物學(xué)哲學(xué)》等。

　　1744年，拉馬克出生在法國的一個落破貴族家庭。他是這個家庭的第11個孩子，但卻是唯一長大成人的，前面10個均先后夭折。期待孩子安穩(wěn)的父母希望他將來做一名牧師，可是拉馬克卻奔向了普法戰(zhàn)爭的前線，并因英勇表現(xiàn)而被提拔為上尉。

　　退役后，已經(jīng)25歲的他進(jìn)入巴黎高等醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)，作為必修課開始接觸植物學(xué)。其間，他結(jié)識了著名啟蒙思想家盧梭，兩人還曾一起外出采集標(biāo)本。不僅如此，著名植物學(xué)家德朱西厄也對拉馬克賞識有加，并給予其熱情指導(dǎo)。德朱西厄的自然分類法體系則對拉馬克影響至深。

　　1778年，拉馬克出版了3卷本的《法蘭西植物志》，為自己在植物學(xué)界贏得了地位。巴黎皇家植物園園長布豐對此書很是重視，舉薦拉馬克為巴黎科學(xué)院院士和皇家植物學(xué)家。1788年布豐去世后，其繼任者為拉馬克謀到了皇家植物園標(biāo)本管理員的職務(wù)。

　　法國大革命后，拉馬克提議將皇家植物園改成“國立自然博物館”。這一提議得到國民議會批準(zhǔn)，若干講座教授職位也得以增設(shè)。但奇怪的是，拉馬克并未得到他本應(yīng)獲得的植物學(xué)教授，只能補缺無人問津的低等動物學(xué)教授。

　　這一年，已在研究植物學(xué)25年并成績卓著的拉馬克50歲了，但此時他又改行從事當(dāng)時相當(dāng)落后的動物學(xué)研究。

　　1801年，拉馬克的《無脊椎動物的分類系統(tǒng)》問世。書中第一次提出了生物進(jìn)化的思想，首創(chuàng)了“脊椎動物”和“無脊椎動物”的概念，并且首次引進(jìn)了“生物學(xué)”（biology）一詞。1809年，拉馬克的巨著《動物學(xué)哲學(xué)》出版，系統(tǒng)闡釋了拉馬克主義的進(jìn)化理論。

　　他認(rèn)為，生物進(jìn)化遵循一條由低級到高級、由簡單到復(fù)雜的階梯發(fā)展序列。而且生物進(jìn)化并不是嚴(yán)格的直線發(fā)展，而是不斷分叉，形成樹狀譜系。

　　此外，他還提出了其著名的獲得性遺傳理論：生活環(huán)境的變化必導(dǎo)致器官的用進(jìn)廢退現(xiàn)象。器官的這些變化被遺傳給后代，于是逐漸形成了新的物種。例如，他設(shè)想，古代某種羚羊為了吃到更多的樹葉，不斷地伸長脖子，這一變化遺傳給后代，日積月累便有了長頸鹿。

　　盡管他關(guān)于進(jìn)化機(jī)制的這一設(shè)想今天看來是錯誤的，但這無法撼動其系統(tǒng)提出進(jìn)化思想第一人的地位。

　　拉馬克畢生辛勤工作，著述頗豐，但同時也遭遇了種種不幸。比如上述他未獲植物學(xué)教席的例子。不過這對生物學(xué)而言卻是幸事，因為正是他后期的動物學(xué)研究為他的進(jìn)化思想直接提供了證據(jù)。

　　拉馬克曾舉薦晚輩居維葉，但其做大之后卻恩將仇報，處處打擊這位觀點與之有異的前輩。面對一切不幸的遭遇，拉馬克處之泰然，然而命運并未放過這位老人。

　　1821年，由于長期在顯微鏡下觀察低等生物，77歲的拉馬克雙目失明。當(dāng)時他正在撰寫11卷本的《無脊椎動物志》，已完成前9卷。在強(qiáng)大的毅力支撐下，他通過口述完成了后兩卷。

　　1829年，拉馬克去世，家庭的貧困使得他只能被混葬在貧民公墓里。

　　1909年，為紀(jì)念《動物學(xué)哲學(xué)》出版100周年，巴黎植物園為拉馬克立了一座銅像。銅像底座上刻著他女兒的一句話：“您未完成的事業(yè)，后人總會替您繼續(xù)的；您已取得的成就，后世也總該有人贊賞吧，爸爸！”

　　THE FIR TREE

　 Outin the woods stood a nice little Fir Tree. The place he had was averygoodone: the sun shone on him: asto fresh air, there was enough of that,androundhim grew many large-sized comrades, pines as well as firs. ButthelittleFir wanted so very much to be a grown-up tree.Hedid not think of the warm sun and of the fresh air; he did not carefor thelittlecottage children that ran about and prattled when they were inthewoodslooking for wild-strawberries. The children often came with a wholepitcherfull of berries, or a long row of them threaded on a straw, andsatdownnear the young tree and said, "Oh, how pretty he is! What a nicelittlefir!" But this was what the Tree could not bear tohear.

　　At the end of a year he had shot up a good deal, and after anotheryear he was

　　another long bit taller; for with fir trees one can always tell bythe shoots

　　how many years old they are.

　　"Oh! Were I but such a high tree as the others are," sighed he."Then I should

　　be able to spread out my branches, and with the tops to look intothe wide

　　world! Then would the birds build nests among my branches: and whenthere was

　　a breeze, I could bend with as much stateliness as theothers!"

　　Neither the sunbeams, nor the birds, nor the red clouds whichmorning and

　　evening sailed above him, gave the little Tree anypleasure.

　　In winter, when the snow lay glittering on the ground, a hare wouldoften come

　　leaping along, and jump right over the little Tree. Oh, that madehim so

　　angry! But two winters were past, and in the third the Tree was solarge that

　　the hare was obliged to go round it. "To grow and grow, to getolder and be

　　tall," thought the Tree--"that, after all, is the most delightfulthing in the

　　world!"

　　In autumn the wood-cutters always came and felled some of thelargest trees.

　　This happened every year; and the young Fir Tree, that had nowgrown to a very

　　comely size, trembled at the sight; for the magnificent great treesfell to

　　the earth with noise and cracking, the branches were lopped off,and the trees

　　looked long and bare; they were hardly to be recognised; and thenthey were

　　laid in carts, and the horses dragged them out of thewood.

　　Where did they go to? What became of them?

　　In spring, when the swallows and the storks came, the Tree askedthem, "Don't

　　you know where they have been taken? Have you not met themanywhere?"

　　The swallows did not know anything about it; but the Stork lookedmusing,

　　nodded his head, and said, "Yes; I think I know; I met many shipsas I was

　　flying hither from Egypt; on the ships were magnificent masts, andI venture

　　to assert that it was they that smelt so of fir. I may congratulateyou, for

　　they lifted themselves on high most majestically!"

　　"Oh, were I but old enough to fly across the sea! But how does thesea look in

　　reality? What is it like?"

　　"That would take a long time to explain," said the Stork, and withthese words

　　off he went.

　　"Rejoice in thy growth!" said the Sunbeams. "Rejoice in thyvigorous growth,

　　and in the fresh life that moveth within thee!"

　　And the Wind kissed the Tree, and the Dew wept tears over him; butthe Fir

　　understood it not.

　　When Christmas came, quite young trees were cut down: trees whichoften were

　　not even as large or of the same age as this Fir Tree, who couldnever rest,

　　but always wanted to be off. These young trees, and they werealways the

　　finest looking, retained their branches; they were laid on carts,and the

　　horses drew them out of the wood.

　　"Where are they going to?" asked the Fir. "They are not taller thanI; there

　　was one indeed that was considerably shorter; and why do theyretain all their

　　branches? Whither are they taken?"

　　"We know! We know!" chirped the Sparrows. "We have peeped in at thewindows in

　　the town below! We know whither they are taken! The greatestsplendor and the

　　greatest magnificence one can imagine await them. We peeped throughthe

　　windows, and saw them planted in the middle of the warm room andornamented

　　with the most splendid things, with gilded apples, withgingerbread, with

　　toys, and many hundred lights!"

　　"And then?" asked the Fir Tree, trembling in every bough. "Andthen? What

　　happens then?"

　　"We did not see anything more: it was incomparablybeautiful."

　　"I would fain know if I am destined for so glorious a career,"cried the Tree,

　　rejoicing. "That is still better than to cross the sea! What alonging do I

　　suffer! Were Christmas but come! I am now tall, and my branchesspread like

　　the others that were carried off last year! Oh! were I but alreadyon the

　　cart! Were I in the warm room with all the splendor andmagnificence! Yes;

　　then something better, something still grander, will surely follow,or

　　wherefore should they thus ornament me? Something better, somethingstill

　　grander must follow--but what? Oh, how I long, how I suffer! I donot know

　　myself what is the matter with me!"

　　"Rejoice in our presence!" said the Air and the Sunlight. "Rejoicein thy own

　　fresh youth!"

　　But the Tree did not rejoice at all; he grew and grew, and wasgreen both

　　winter and summer. People that saw him said, "What a fine tree!"and towards

　　Christmas he was one of the first that was cut down. The axe struckdeep into

　　the very pith; the Tree fell to the earth with a sigh; he felt apang--it was

　　like a swoon; he could not think of happiness, for he was sorrowfulat being

　　separated from his home, from the place where he had sprung up. Hewell knew

　　that he should never see his dear old comrades, the little bushesand flowers

　　around him, anymore; perhaps not even the birds! The departure wasnot at all

　　agreeable.

　　The Tree only came to himself when he was unloaded in a court-yardwith the

　　other trees, and heard a man say, "That one is splendid! We don'twant the

　　others." Then two servants came in rich livery and carried the FirTree into a

　　large and splendid drawing-room. Portraits were hanging on thewalls, and near

　　the white porcelain stove stood two large Chinese vases with lionson the

　　covers. There, too, were large easy-chairs, silken sofas, largetables full of

　　picture-books and full of toys, worth hundreds and hundreds ofcrowns--at

　　least the children said so. And the Fir Tree was stuck upright in acask that

　　was filled with sand; but no one could see that it was a cask, forgreen cloth

　　was hung all round it, and it stood on a large gaily-coloredcarpet. Oh! how

　　the Tree quivered! What was to happen? The servants, as well as theyoung

　　ladies, decorated it. On one branch there hung little nets cut outof colored

　　paper, and each net was filled with sugarplums; and among the otherboughs

　　gilded apples and walnuts were suspended, looking as though theyhad grown

　　there, and little blue and white tapers were placed among theleaves. Dolls

　　that looked for all the world like men--the Tree had never beheldsuch

　　before--were seen among the foliage, and at the very top a largestar of gold

　　tinsel was fixed. It was really splendid--beyond descriptionsplendid.

　　"This evening!" they all said. "How it will shine thisevening!"

　　"Oh!" thought the Tree. "If the evening were but come! If thetapers were but

　　lighted! And then I wonder what will happen! Perhaps the othertrees from the

　　forest will come to look at me! Perhaps the sparrows will beatagainst the

　　windowpanes! I wonder if I shall take root here, and winter andsummer stand

　　covered with ornaments!"

　　He knew very much about the matter--but he was so impatient thatfor sheer

　　longing he got a pain in his back, and this with trees is the samething as a

　　headache with us.

　　The candles were now lighted--what brightness! What splendor! TheTree

　　trembled so in every bough that one of the tapers set fire to thefoliage. It

　　blazed up famously.

　　"Help! Help!" cried the young ladies, and they quickly put out thefire.

　　Now the Tree did not even dare tremble. What a state he was in! Hewas so

　　uneasy lest he should lose something of his splendor, that he wasquite

　　bewildered amidst the glare and brightness; when suddenly bothfolding-doors

　　opened and a troop of children rushed in as if they would upset theTree. The

　　older persons followed quietly; the little ones stood quite still.But it was

　　only for a moment; then they shouted that the whole place re-echoedwith their

　　rejoicing; they danced round the Tree, and one present after theother was

　　pulled off.

　　"What are they about?" thought the Tree. "What is to happen now!"And the

　　lights burned down to the very branches, and as they burned downthey were put

　　out one after the other, and then the children had permission toplunder the

　　Tree. So they fell upon it with such violence that all its branchescracked;

　　if it had not been fixed firmly in the ground, it would certainlyhave tumbled

　　down.

　　The children danced about with their beautiful playthings; no onelooked at

　　the Tree except the old nurse, who peeped between the branches; butit was

　　only to see if there was a fig or an apple left that had beenforgotten.

　　"A story! A story!" cried the children, drawing a little fat mantowards the

　　Tree. He seated himself under it and said, "Now we are in theshade, and the

　　Tree can listen too. But I shall tell only one story. Now whichwill you have;

　　that about Ivedy-Avedy, or about Humpy-Dumpy, who tumbleddownstairs, and yet

　　after all came to the throne and married the princess?"

　　"Ivedy-Avedy," cried some; "Humpy-Dumpy," cried the others. Therewas such a

　　bawling and screaming--the Fir Tree alone was silent, and hethought to

　　himself, "Am I not to bawl with the rest? Am I to do nothingwhatever?" for he

　　was one of the company, and had done what he had to do.

　　And the man told about Humpy-Dumpy that tumbled down, whonotwithstanding came

　　to the throne, and at last married the princess. And the childrenclapped

　　their hands, and cried. "Oh, go on! Do go on!" They wanted to hearabout

　　Ivedy-Avedy too, but the little man only told them aboutHumpy-Dumpy. The Fir

　　Tree stood quite still and absorbed in thought; the birds in thewood had

　　never related the like of this. "Humpy-Dumpy fell downstairs, andyet he

　　married the princess! Yes, yes! That's the way of the world!"thought the Fir

　　Tree, and believed it all, because the man who told the story wasso

　　good-looking. "Well, well! who knows, perhaps I may falldownstairs, too, and

　　get a princess as wife!" And he looked forward with joy to themorrow, when

　　he hoped to be decked out again with lights, playthings, fruits,and tinsel.

　　"I won't tremble to-morrow!" thought the Fir Tree. "I will enjoy tothe full

　　all my splendor! To-morrow I shall hear again the story ofHumpy-Dumpy, and

　　perhaps that of Ivedy-Avedy too." And the whole night the Treestood still and

　　in deep thought.

　　In the morning the servant and the housemaid came in.

　　"Now then the splendor will begin again," thought the Fir. But theydragged

　　him out of the room, and up the stairs into the loft: and here, ina dark

　　corner, where no daylight could enter, they left him. "What's themeaning of

　　this?" thought the Tree. "What am I to do here? What shall I hearnow, I

　　wonder?" And he leaned against the wall lost in reverie. Timeenough had he

　　too for his reflections; for days and nights passed on, and nobodycame up;

　　and when at last somebody did come, it was only to put some greattrunks in a

　　corner, out of the way. There stood the Tree quite hidden; itseemed as if he

　　had been entirely forgotten.

　　"'Tis now winter out-of-doors!" thought the Tree. "The earth ishard and

　　covered with snow; men cannot plant me now, and therefore I havebeen put up

　　here under shelter till the spring-time comes! How thoughtful thatis! How

　　kind man is, after all! If it only were not so dark here, and soterribly

　　lonely! Not even a hare! And out in the woods it was so pleasant,when the

　　snow was on the ground, and the hare leaped by; yes--even when hejumped over

　　me; but I did not like it then! It is really terribly lonelyhere!"

　　"Squeak! Squeak!" said a little Mouse, at the same moment, peepingout of his

　　hole. And then another little one came. They snuffed about the FirTree, and

　　rustled among the branches.

　　"It is dreadfully cold," said the Mouse. "But for that, it would bedelightful

　　here, old Fir, wouldn't it?"

　　"I am by no means old," said the Fir Tree. "There's many a oneconsiderably

　　older than I am."

　　"Where do you come from," asked the Mice; "and what can you do?"They were so

　　extremely curious. "Tell us about the most beautiful spot on theearth. Have

　　you never been there? Were you never in the larder, where cheeseslie on the

　　shelves, and hams hang from above; where one dances about on tallowcandles:

　　that place where one enters lean, and comes out again fat andportly?"

　　"I know no such place," said the Tree. "But I know the wood, wherethe sun

　　shines and where the little birds sing." And then he told all abouthis youth;

　　and the little Mice had never heard the like before; and theylistened and

　　said,

　　"Well, to be sure! How much you have seen! How happy you must havebeen!"

　　"I!" said the Fir Tree, thinking over what he had himself related."Yes, in

　　reality those were happy times." And then he told aboutChristmas-eve, when he

　　was decked out with cakes and candles.

　　"Oh," said the little Mice, "how fortunate you have been, old FirTree!"

　　"I am by no means old," said he. "I came from the wood this winter;I am in my

　　prime, and am only rather short for my age."

　　"What delightful stories you know," said the Mice: and the nextnight they

　　came with four other little Mice, who were to hear what the Treerecounted:

　　and the more he related, the more he remembered himself; and itappeared as if

　　those times had really been happy times. "But they may stillcome--they may

　　still come! Humpy-Dumpy fell downstairs, and yet he got aprincess!" and he

　　thought at the moment of a nice little Birch Tree growing out inthe woods: to

　　the Fir, that would be a real charming princess.

　　"Who is Humpy-Dumpy?" asked the Mice. So then the Fir Tree told thewhole

　　fairy tale, for he could remember every single word of it; and thelittle Mice

　　jumped for joy up to the very top of the Tree. Next night two moreMice came,

　　and on Sunday two Rats even; but they said the stories were notinteresting,

　　which vexed the little Mice; and they, too, now began to think themnot so

　　very amusing either.

　　"Do you know only one story?" asked the Rats.

　　"Only that one," answered the Tree. "I heard it on my happiestevening; but I

　　did not then know how happy I was."

　　"It is a very stupid story! Don't you know one about bacon andtallow candles?

　　Can't you tell any larder stories?"

　　"No," said the Tree.

　　"Then good-bye," said the Rats; and they went home.

　　At last the little Mice stayed away also; and the Tree sighed:"After all, it

　　was very pleasant when the sleek little Mice sat round me, andlistened to

　　what I told them. Now that too is over. But I will take good careto enjoy

　　myself when I am brought out again."

　　But when was that to be? Why, one morning there came a quantity ofpeople and

　　set to work in the loft. The trunks were moved, the tree was pulledout and

　　thrown--rather hard, it is true--down on the floor, but a man drewhim towards

　　the stairs, where the daylight shone.

　　"Now a merry life will begin again," thought the Tree. He felt thefresh air,

　　the first sunbeam--and now he was out in the courtyard. All passedso quickly,

　　there was so much going on around him, the Tree quite forgot tolook to

　　himself. The court adjoined a garden, and all was in flower; theroses hung so

　　fresh and odorous over the balustrade, the lindens were in blossom,the

　　Swallows flew by, and said, "Quirre-vit! My husband is come!" butit was not

　　the Fir Tree that they meant.

　　"Now, then, I shall really enjoy life," said he exultingly, andspread out his

　　branches; but, alas, they were all withered and yellow! It was in acorner

　　that he lay, among weeds and nettles. The golden star of tinsel wasstill on

　　the top of the Tree, and glittered in the sunshine.

　　In the court-yard some of the merry children were playing who haddanced at

　　Christmas round the Fir Tree, and were so glad at the sight of him.One of the

　　youngest ran and tore off the golden star.

　　"Only look what is still on the ugly old Christmas tree!" said he,trampling

　　on the branches, so that they all cracked beneath hisfeet.

　　And the Tree beheld all the beauty of the flowers, and thefreshness in the

　　garden; he beheld himself, and wished he had remained in his darkcorner in

　　the loft; he thought of his first youth in the wood, of themerry

　　Christmas-eve, and of the little Mice who had listened with so muchpleasure

　　to the story of Humpy-Dumpy.

　　"'Tis over--'tis past!" said the poor Tree. "Had I but rejoicedwhen I had

　　reason to do so! But now 'tis past, 'tis past!"

　　And the gardener's boy chopped the Tree into small pieces; therewas a whole

　　heap lying there. The wood flamed up splendidly under the largebrewing

　　copper, and it sighed so deeply! Each sigh was like ashot.

　　The boys played about in the court, and the youngest wore the goldstar on his

　　breast which the Tree had had on the happiest evening of his life.However,

　　that was over now--the Tree gone, the story at an end. All, allwas

　　over--every tale must end at last.

　　樅樹

　　外邊的大樹林里長著一株非?？蓯鄣男簶?。它生長的地點很好,能得到太陽光和充分的新鮮空氣,周圍還有許多大朋友——松樹和別的樅樹。不過這株小樅樹急著要長大,它一點也不理睬溫暖的太陽和新鮮的空氣。當(dāng)農(nóng)家的小孩子出來找草莓和覆盆子、走來走去、閑散地聊天的時候,它也不理會他們。有時他們帶著滿缽子的、或用草穿起來的長串的莓子到來。他們坐在小樅樹旁邊,說:"嗨,這個小東西是多么可愛啊!"而這株樹一點也不愿意聽這話。

　　一年以后它長了一節(jié);再過一年它又長了一節(jié)。因此你只要看樅樹有多少節(jié),就知道它長了多少年。

　　"啊,我希望我像別的樹一樣,是一株大樹!"小樅樹嘆了一口氣說,"那么我就可以把我的枝丫向四周伸展開來,我的頭頂就可以看看這個廣大的世界!那么鳥兒就可以在我的枝上做窠;當(dāng)風(fēng)吹起來的時候,我就可以像別的樹一樣,像煞有介事地點點頭了。"

　　它對于太陽、鳥雀,對于在早晨和晚間飄過去的紅云,一點也不感到興趣。

　　現(xiàn)在是冬天了,四周的積雪發(fā)出白亮的光。有時一只兔子跑過來,在小樅樹身上跳過去?！?這才叫它生氣呢!

　　不過兩個冬天又過去了。當(dāng)?shù)谌齻€冬天到來的時候,小樅樹已經(jīng)長得很大了,兔子只好繞著它走過去。

　　啊!生長,生長,長成為大樹,然后變老,只有這才是世界上最快樂的事情!小樅樹這樣想。

　　在冬天,伐木人照例到來了,砍下幾株最大的樹。這類事情每年總有一次。這株年輕的樅樹現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)長得相當(dāng)大了;它有點顫抖起來,因為那些堂皇的大樹轟然一聲倒到地上來了。它們的枝子被砍掉,全身溜光,又長又瘦——人們簡直沒有辦法認(rèn)出它們來,但是它們被裝上車子,被馬兒拉出樹林。

　　它們到什么地方去了呢?它們會變成什么呢?

　　在春天,當(dāng)燕子和鸛鳥飛來的時候,樅樹就問它們:"你們知道人們把它們拖到什么地方去了嗎?你們碰到過它們沒有?"

　　燕子什么也不知道。不過鸛鳥很像在想一件事情,連連點著頭,說:"是的,我想是的!當(dāng)我從埃及飛出來的時候,我碰到過許多新船。這些船上有許多美麗的桅桿;我想它們就是那些樹。它們發(fā)出樅樹的氣味。我看見過許多次;它們昂著頭!它們昂著頭。"

　　"啊,我多么希望我也能長大得足夠在大海上航行!海究竟是怎樣的呢?它是什么樣兒的呢?"

　　"嗨,要解釋起來,那可是不簡單!"鸛鳥說著便走開了。

　　"享受你的青春吧,"太陽光說,"享受你蓬勃的生長,享受你身體里新鮮的生命力吧!"

　　風(fēng)兒吻著這株樹,露珠在它身上滴著眼淚。但是這株樹一點也不懂得這些事情。

　　當(dāng)圣誕節(jié)到來的時候,有許多很年輕的樹被砍掉了①。有的既不像樅樹那樣老,也不像它那樣大,更不像它那樣性急,老想跑開。這些年輕的樹兒正是一些最美麗的樹兒,所以它們都保持住它們的枝葉。它們被裝上車子,馬兒把它們拉出了樹林。

　?、僭谖鞣叫欧罨浇痰膰?每年圣誕節(jié)時就要弄來一株樅樹,豎在堂屋里,樹上掛滿小蠟燭和小袋,袋里裝一些禮物,在圣誕節(jié)那天送給孩子們,象征性地把這當(dāng)作圣誕老人帶給孩子們的禮物。

　　"它們到什么地方去呢?"樅樹問。"它們并不比我更大。是的,有一株比我還小得多呢。為什么它們要保留住枝葉呢?它們被送到什么地方去呢?"

　　"我們知道!我們知道!"麻雀唧唧喳喳地說。"我們在城里朝窗玻璃里面瞧過!我們知道它們到什么地方去!哦!它們要到最富麗堂皇的地方去!我們朝窗子里瞧過。我們看到它們被放在一個溫暖房間的中央,身上裝飾著許多最美麗的東西——涂了金的蘋果啦,蜂蜜做的糕餅啦,玩具啦,以及成千成百的蠟燭啦!"

　　"后來呢?"樅樹問;它所有的枝子都顫動起來了。"后來呢?后來怎樣一個結(jié)果呢?"

　　"唔,以后的事我們沒有看見。不過那是美極了!"

　　"也許有一天我也不得不走上這條光榮的大道吧!"樅樹高興地說。"這比在海上航行要好得多!我真等待得不耐煩了!我唯愿現(xiàn)在就是圣誕節(jié)!現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)大了,成人了,像去年被運走的那些樹一樣!啊,我希望我高高地坐在車子上!我希望我就在那個溫暖的房間里,全身打扮得漂漂亮亮!那么,以后呢?是的,以后更好、更美的事情就會到來,不然他們?yōu)槭裁匆盐掖虬绲眠@樣漂亮呢?一定會有更偉大、更美麗的事情到來的。不過什么事情呢?啊,我真痛苦!我真渴望!

　　我自己也不知道為什么要這樣!"

　　"請你跟我們一道享受你的生活吧!"空氣和太陽光說。

　　"請你在自由中享受你新鮮的青春吧!"

　　不過樅樹什么也不能享受。它一直在生長,生長。在冬天和夏天,它老是立在那兒,發(fā)綠——蔭深的綠。看到過它的人說:"這是一株美麗的樹!"到了圣誕節(jié)的時候,它是最先被砍掉了的一株。斧頭深深地砍進(jìn)樹心里去,于是它嘆了一口氣就倒到地上來了:它感到一種痛楚,一陣昏厥,它完全想不起什么快樂。離開自己的家,離開自己根生土長的這塊地方,究竟是很悲慘的。它知道自己將永遠(yuǎn)也見不到那些親愛的老朋友,周圍那些小灌木林和花叢了——也許連鳥兒也不會再見到呢,別離真不是什么愉快的事情。

　　當(dāng)這樹跟許多別的樹在院子里一齊被卸下來的時候,它才清醒過來。它聽到一個人說:"這是一株很好看的樹兒;我們只要這一株!"

　　兩位穿得很整齊的仆人走來了,把這樅樹抬到一間漂亮的大客廳里去。四邊墻上掛著許多畫像,在一個大瓷磚砌的火爐旁邊立著高大的中國花瓶——蓋子上雕塑著獅子。這兒還有搖椅、綢沙發(fā)、堆滿了畫冊的大桌子和價值幾千幾萬元的玩具——至少小孩子們是這樣講的。樅樹被放進(jìn)裝滿了沙子的大盆里。不過誰也不知道這是一個盆,因為它外面圍著一層布,并且立在一張寬大的雜色地毯上。啊,樅樹抖得多厲害啊!現(xiàn)在會有什么事情發(fā)生呢?仆人和小姐們都來打扮它。他們把花紙剪的小網(wǎng)袋掛在它的枝子上,每個小網(wǎng)袋里都裝滿了糖果;涂成金色的蘋果和胡桃核也掛在上面,好像它們原來就是生長在上面似的。此外,枝子上還安有一百多根紅色、白色和藍(lán)色的小蠟燭。跟活人一模一樣的玩偶在樹葉間蕩來蕩去,樅樹從來沒有看到過這種東西。樹頂上還安有一顆銀紙做的星星。這真是漂亮,分外地漂亮。

　　"今晚,"大家說,"今晚它將要放出光明。"

　　"啊,"樅樹想,"我希望現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)是夜晚了!啊,我希望蠟燭馬上點起來!還有什么會到來呢?也許樹林里的樹兒會出來看我吧?麻雀會在窗玻璃面前飛過吧?也許我會在這兒生下根來,在夏天和冬天都有這樣的打扮吧?"

　　是的,它所知道的就只這些。它的不安使它得到一種經(jīng)常皮痛的毛病,而這種皮痛病,對于樹說來,其糟糕的程度比得上我們的頭痛。

　　最后,蠟燭亮起來了。多么光輝,多么華麗啊!樅樹的每根枝子都在發(fā)抖,弄得一根蠟燭燒著了一根小綠枝。這才真叫它痛呢。

　　"愿上帝保佑我們!"年輕的姑娘們都叫起來。她們急忙把火滅掉了。

　　樅樹現(xiàn)在可不敢再發(fā)抖了。啊,這真是可怕呀!它非常害怕失掉任何一件裝飾品,它們射出的光輝把它弄得頭昏目眩?，F(xiàn)在那兩扇門推開了,許多小孩子涌進(jìn)來,好像他們要把整個的樹都弄倒似的。年紀(jì)大的人鎮(zhèn)定地跟著他們走進(jìn)來。這些小家伙站著,保持肅靜。不過這只有一分鐘的光景。接著他們就歡呼起來,弄出一片亂糟糟的聲音。他們圍著這株樹跳舞,同時把掛在它上面的禮物一件接一件地取走了。

　　"他們打算怎么辦呢?"樅樹想。"有什么事情會發(fā)生呢?"

　　蠟燭燒到枝子上來了。當(dāng)它們快要燒完的時候,它們便被撲滅了,這時孩子們便得到準(zhǔn)許來擄掠這株樹。啊!他們向它沖過來,所有的枝丫都發(fā)出折裂聲。要不是樹頂和頂上的一顆金星被系到天花板上,恐怕它早就倒下來了。

　　孩子們拿起美麗的玩具在周圍跳舞。誰也不想再看這株樹了,只有那位老保姆在樹枝間東張西望了一下,而她只不過想知道是不是還有棗子或蘋果沒有被拿走。

　　"講一個故事!講一個故事!"孩子們嘟囔著,同時把一位小胖子拖到樹這邊來。他坐在樹底下——"因為這樣我們就算是在綠樹林里面了,"他說。"樹兒聽聽我的故事也是很好的。不過我只能講一個故事。你們喜歡聽關(guān)于依維德·亞維德的故事呢,還是聽關(guān)于那位滾下了樓梯、但是卻坐上了王位、得到了公主的泥巴球①呢?"

　?、僭氖荎lumpe-dumpe,照字面直譯就是"滾著的泥塊"。

　　"講依維德·亞維德的故事!"有幾個孩子喊著。"講泥巴球的故事!"另外幾個孩子喊著。這時鬧聲和叫聲混做一團(tuán)。

　　只有樅樹默默地不說一句話。它在想:"我不能參加進(jìn)來嗎?我不能做一點事兒嗎?"不過它已經(jīng)參加了進(jìn)來,它應(yīng)該做的事已經(jīng)做了。

　　胖子講著泥巴球的故事——"他滾下樓梯,又坐上了王位,并且得到了公主。"孩子們都拍著手!叫道:"講下去吧!講下去吧!"因為他們想聽依維德·亞維德的故事,但是他們卻只聽到了泥巴球的故事。樅樹立著一聲不響,只是沉思著。樹林里的鳥兒從來沒有講過這樣的故事。泥巴球滾下了樓梯,結(jié)果仍然得到了公主!"是的,世界上的事情就是這樣!"樅樹想,并且以為這完全是真的,因為講這故事的人是那么一位可愛的人物。"是的,是的,誰能知道呢?可能我有一天也會滾下樓梯,結(jié)果卻得到一位公主!"于是它很愉快地盼望在第二天晚上又被打扮一番,戴上蠟燭、玩具、金紙和水果。

　　"明天我決不再顫動了!"它想。"我將要盡情為我華麗的外表而得意。明天我將要再聽泥巴球的故事,可能還聽到依維德·亞維德的故事呢。"

　　于是樅樹一聲不響,想了一整夜。

　　早晨,仆人和保姆都進(jìn)來了。

　　"現(xiàn)在我又要漂亮起來了!"樅樹想。不過他們把它拖出屋子,沿著樓梯一直拖到頂樓上去。他們把它放在一個黑暗

　　的角落里,這兒沒有一點陽光可以射進(jìn)來。

　　"這是什么意思?"樅樹想。"我在這兒干嗎呢?我在這兒能聽到什么東西呢?"

　　它靠墻站著,思索起來。它現(xiàn)在有的是時間思索;白天和晚間在不停地過去,誰也不來看它。最后有一個人到來,但是他的目的只不過是要搬幾個空箱子放在墻角里罷了。樅樹完全被擋住了,人們也似乎把它忘記得一干二凈了。

　　"現(xiàn)在外邊是冬天了!"樅樹想。"土地是硬的,蓋上了雪花,人們也不能把我栽下了;因此我才在這兒被藏起來,等待春天的到來!人們想得多么周到啊!人類真是善良!我只希望這兒不是太黑暗、太孤寂得可怕!——連一只小兔子也沒有!樹林里現(xiàn)在一定是很愉快的地方,雪落得很厚,兔子在跳來跳去;是的,就是它在我頭上跳過去也很好——雖然我那時不大喜歡這種舉動。這兒現(xiàn)在真是寂寞得可怕呀!"

　　"吱!吱!"這時一只小耗子說,同時跳出來。不一會兒另外一只小耗子又跳出來了。它們在樅樹身上嗅了一下,于是便鉆進(jìn)枝丫里面去。

　　"真是冷得怕人!"兩只小耗子說。"否則待在這兒倒是蠻舒服的。老樅樹,你說對不對?"

　　"我一點也不老,"樅樹說。"比我年紀(jì)大的樹多著呢!"

　　"你是從什么地方來的?"耗子問。"你知道什么東西?"它們現(xiàn)在非常好奇起來。"請告訴我們一點關(guān)于世界上最美的地方的事情吧!你到那兒去過么?你到儲藏室去過嗎?那兒的架子上放著許多乳餅,天花板下面掛著許多火腿;那兒,我們在蠟燭上跳舞;那兒,我們走進(jìn)去的時候瘦,出來的時候胖。"

　　"這個我可不知道,"樅樹說。"不過我對于樹林很熟悉——那兒太陽照著,鳥兒唱著歌。"

　　于是它講了一些關(guān)于它的少年時代的故事。小耗子們從來沒有聽過這類事情,它們靜聽著,說:

　　"嗨,你看到過的東西真多!你曾經(jīng)是多么幸福啊!"

　　"我嗎?"樅樹說,同時把自己講過的話想了一下,"是的,那的確是非常幸福的一個時期!"于是它敘述圣誕節(jié)前夕的故事——那時它身上飾滿了糖果和蠟燭。

　　"啊,"小耗子說,"你曾經(jīng)是多么幸福啊,你這株老樅樹!"

　　"我并不老呀!"樅樹說。"我不過是今年冬天才離開樹林的。我是一個青壯年呀,雖然此刻我已經(jīng)不再生長!"

　　"你的故事講得多美啊!"小耗子說。

　　第二天夜里,它們帶來另外四個小耗子聽樅樹講故事。它越講得多,就越清楚地回憶起過去的一切。于是它想:"那的確是非常幸福的一個時期!但是它會再回來!它會再回來!泥巴球滾下了樓梯,結(jié)果得到了公主?？赡芪乙矔玫揭晃还髁?"這時樅樹想起了長在樹林里的一株可愛的小赤楊:對于樅樹說來,這株赤楊真算得是一位美麗的公主。

　　"誰是那位泥巴球?"小耗子問。

　　樅樹把整個故事講了一遍,每一個字它都能記得清清楚楚。這些小耗子樂得想在這株樹的頂上翻翻跟頭。第二天晚上有更多的小耗子來了,在禮拜天那天,甚至還有兩個大老鼠出現(xiàn)了。不過它們認(rèn)為這個故事并不好聽;小耗子們也覺得很惋惜,因為它們對這故事的興趣也淡下來了。

　　"你只會講這個故事么?"大老鼠問。

　　"只會這一個!"樅樹回答說。"這故事是我在生活中最幸福的一個晚上聽到的。那時我并不覺得我是多么幸福!"

　　"這是一個很蹩腳的故事!你不會講一個關(guān)于臘肉和蠟燭的故事么?不會講一個關(guān)于儲藏室的故事么?"

　　"不會!"樅樹說。

　　"那么謝謝你!"大老鼠回答說。于是它們就走開了。

　　最后小耗子們也走開了。樅樹嘆了一口氣,說:

　　"當(dāng)這些快樂的小耗子坐在我身旁、聽我講故事的時候,一切倒是蠻好的。現(xiàn)在什么都完了!不過當(dāng)人們再把我搬出去的時候,我將要記住什么叫做快樂!"

　　不過結(jié)果是怎樣呢?嗨,有一天早晨人們來收拾這個頂樓:箱子都被挪開了,樅樹被拖出來了——人們粗暴地把它扔到地板上,不過一個傭人馬上把它拖到樓梯邊去。陽光在這兒照著。

　　"生活現(xiàn)在又可以開始了!"樅樹想。

　　它感覺到新鮮空氣和早晨的太陽光。它現(xiàn)在是躺在院子里。一切是過得這樣快,樅樹也忘記把自己看一下——周圍值得看的東西真是太多了。院子是在一個花園的附近;這兒所有的花都開了。玫瑰懸在小小的柵欄上,又嫩又香。菩提樹也正在開著花。燕子們在飛來飛去,說"吱爾——微爾——微特!我們的愛人回來了!"不過它們所指的并不是這株樅樹。

　　"現(xiàn)在我要生活了!"樅樹興高采烈地說,同時把它的枝子展開。但是,唉!這些枝子都枯了,黃了。它現(xiàn)在是躺在一個生滿了荊棘和荒草的墻角邊。銀紙做的星星還掛在它的頂上,而且還在明朗的太陽光中發(fā)亮呢。

　　院子里有幾個快樂的小孩子在玩耍。他們在圣誕節(jié)的時候,曾繞著這樹跳過舞,和它在一塊高興過。最年輕的一個小孩子跑過來,摘下一顆金星。

　　"你們看,這株奇丑的老樅樹身上掛著什么東西!"這孩子說。他用靴子踩著枝子,直到枝子發(fā)出斷裂聲。

　　樅樹把花園里盛開的花和華麗的景色望了一眼,又把自己看了一下,它希望自己現(xiàn)在仍然待在頂樓的一個黑暗的角落里。它想起了自己在樹林里新鮮的青春時代,想起了那快樂的圣誕節(jié)前夕,想起了那些高興地聽著它講關(guān)于泥巴球的故事的小耗子們。

　　"完了!完了!"可憐的樅樹說。"當(dāng)我能夠快樂的時候,我應(yīng)該快樂一下才對!完了!完了!"

　　傭人走來了,把這株樹砍成碎片。它成了一大捆柴,它在一個大酒鍋底下熊熊地燃著。它深深地嘆著氣;每一個嘆息聲就像一個小小的槍聲。在那兒玩耍著的小孩子們跑過來,坐在火邊,朝它里面望,同時叫著:"燒呀!燒呀!"每一個爆裂聲是一個深深的嘆息。在它發(fā)出每一聲嘆息的時候,它就回想起了在樹林里的夏天,和星星照耀著的冬夜;它回憶起了圣誕節(jié)的前夕和它所聽到過的和會講的唯一的故事——泥巴球的故事。這時候樅樹已經(jīng)全被燒成灰了。

　　孩子們都在院子里玩耍。最小的那個孩子把這樹曾經(jīng)在它最幸福的一個晚上所戴過的那顆金星掛在自己的胸前?，F(xiàn)在一切都完了,樅樹的生命也完了,這故事也完了;完了!完了!——一切故事都是這樣。

　　(1845年)

　　這篇故事收集在《新的童話》第二部。樹叢在"太陽照著,鳥兒唱著歌"的青翠樹林中,被遷到"一間漂亮大客廳里",作為圣誕樹,身上掛滿了閃耀的銀絲,藍(lán)色、白色的蠟燭和小禮品袋,經(jīng)歷很不平凡,也很光榮,它可說達(dá)到了它生活的頂峰,但它卻很害怕,享受不了這意想不到的光榮和幸福。待圣誕節(jié)一過,它所能起的作用終了,它就被扔到廢物堆里了,最后被當(dāng)作柴火燒掉了。"當(dāng)我能夠快樂的時候我應(yīng)該快樂一下才對!完了!完了!"它醒悟過來時,已經(jīng)來不及了。這也是我們?nèi)松谐Ｒ姷默F(xiàn)象。安徒生寫這篇故事?lián)f不是想說明這個問題,而是在泄露在他進(jìn)入中年期間——他發(fā)表這篇故事時正好是40歲——靈魂的不安。由于什么而不安?他沒有作出回答。只是從這時開始,他的寫作風(fēng)格進(jìn)入了一個轉(zhuǎn)折點:由充滿了浪漫主義的幻想和詩情,轉(zhuǎn)向冷靜而略帶一點哀愁的,有關(guān)人生的現(xiàn)實主義描繪。

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