愛華網(wǎng)倒 裝 句
英語中主語和謂語的順序通常是主語在前，謂語在后。但有時(shí)謂語的全部或是部分卻提到主語前面，這種語序叫做倒裝。倒裝的原因一是語法的需要，一是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)。
1完全倒裝（Full Inversion）
完全倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用be,come,go,lie,run。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
1)There be結(jié)構(gòu)中
There is a girl standing under the tree.
There existed a beautiful river through the village.
3)here,there,in, out, up,down, back, off, away, over,now,then,thus等表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語是come,go, be, seem, follow等不及物動(dòng)詞，主語為名詞時(shí)，用Here/There+v.+S結(jié)構(gòu)。
Theregoesthebell.Outrushedaboyfrom the room. Away went the angry man.
Now comes your turn to have your hair cut.Thus ended the meeting.
4）表示存在關(guān)系的句子中表地點(diǎn)的副詞或介詞短語提到句首時(shí)，主語為名詞時(shí)。
Aheadsatanoldwomancarrying a baby in her arms.
At the foot of the mountain lies a village.
5）表語位于句首
Present at the meeting were some experts and a few experiencedteachers.
Hanging behind the door is an old coat.
Such was Einstein, a great scientist.
6)直接引語置于句首時(shí)
“Well,” said the Japanese, “I’ll go now.”
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不倒裝。 Herehecomes. Awaytheywent.Off he went. Here you are.
2部分倒裝(PartialInversion)
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語之前。
1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語，no,not,never,seldom,little,few,hardly, rarely, nowhere,atnotime,innoway,on no condition, on no account, by no means…等。 Byno means shall we give up.
Neverbefore has our school been as beautiful asit is now.
In no city of China does the government care littleabout the economic development.
2)only和狀語(副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句)在句首要引起部分倒裝
OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.
Only when he returned did welearned the news.
如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝
Onlywhenheisseriouslyilldoesheeverstayinbed.
Only修飾主語時(shí)句子不倒裝Only I can answer the question.
3)as,though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句:as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句將表語（名詞、形容詞）或副詞,分詞,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前。
Much as I like him, I won’t marry him. Young as heis, he is helpful.
Strange as it might sound, his ideas were acceptedby all the people at the meeting.
Try as he would, he might failagain.
Poor boy as he was, he was verygenerous..
注意:讓步狀語從句中有though/although時(shí)，后面不能有but，但though和yet可連用。
4)在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動(dòng)詞有were,had,should等詞，可將if省略，把were,had,should移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.
Should it rain tomorrow, the match would be put off.
Had you not helped me, I wouldn’t havesucceeded.
5)幾個(gè)重要的句型中的倒裝
1、以否定詞開頭的固定句型中在第一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝,如Notonly…butalso,(不僅……而且)Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than（一……就）
Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.
Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.
注意：只有當(dāng)Notonly…butalso連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.
2、so,neither,nor開頭作部分倒裝,表示"也"、"也不"?！?/p>
I am doing my homework. So are my classmates.
Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.
注意：Jack is a student and studies at the No.2 MiddleSchool.
So it is with Mike./It is thesame with Mike.
注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子對上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。
TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.
---It'sraininghard. ---Soitis.
3、so/such…that句型中的so/such位于句首時(shí)，其所在的主句需倒裝。
Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.
So carelessly was he driving that he almost killedhimself.
Such a tall building did she climb up that she wasout of breath.
4、Neither……nor……（不……也不……）句中前后分句皆倒裝
[]Neither can he read; nor can he write.
但是當(dāng)neither……nor連接的是兩個(gè)詞時(shí)，不倒裝。
Neither he nor I can answer the question.
5、當(dāng)Notuntil…（直到……才）引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.
6）表頻率的副詞often, many a time, always, every otherday…開頭，用部分倒裝
Often do wewarn them not to swim in the river.
7)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
Long live the People’s Republic ofChina!May you succeed!
Long may she live to enjoy her good fortune! (愿她長壽以享幸福)
3.幾種特殊形式的倒裝:只把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提至句首，主謂不倒裝。注意以下幾個(gè)句型：
（1）感嘆句:What + 名詞（短語）+主謂！What an interesting talk they had!
How + 形容詞、 副詞 +主謂！How interesting their talk was!
（2）The more…，the more…句型。Ilike the painting better, the more I look at it.
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
（3）Whatever, however+ adj./ adv.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句句型。
1._______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the catjumpedB. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped thecatD. Jumped up the cat
2.______ and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brownin came C. In cameheD. came in Mr Brown
3.Over _______ , dead.
A. rolling thegoatB. rolled the goat C. did the goatroll D. thegoat rolled
4.—Where is my shirt, mum?—_________.
A. There isitB. There it is C. ThereisD. Here is it
5. —Where is your father? —Oh, ________.
A. here hecomesB. he here comes C. here does he come D. herecomes he
6.The door opened and there ________ .
A. enters an oldmanB. entered an old man
C. did an old man enter D. an old manentered
7. Now ______your turn to recite the text.
A. will come B. comes C. hascome D. there is
8.Often _____ them not to smoke here.
A. we advisedB. advisedme C. did we advise D. had we advised
9.________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boys
C. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was twoboys
10. On the wall ______two large portraits.
A. are hanging B. hanged C.hang D.hangs
11._______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier B.Among them was a soldier
C. Among them a soldierwas D. Amongthey was a soldier
12. Next door to ours ________, who is no less than eighty.
A. that lives an oldman B. doesan old man live
C. lives an oldmanD. wherelives an old man
13.She plays the piano very well, ______.
A. so every one of usdoes B. everyone of us does
C. so does every one ofus D. so doevery one of us
14.You say he works hard, ______, and _____.
A. so he does; so youdo B. so hedoes; so do you
C. so does he; so doyou D. sodoes he; so you do
15. —I thought you women were present at the meeting.—__________.
A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. So did we
16.I don’t think Jack will come today, _____.
A. nor willMaryB. and Mary doesn’t C. Mary willeitherD. or Mary does
17. She is fond of cooking, _____I.
A. so am B. noramC. neither do D. nor do
18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his nativelanguage.________.
A. So it was withEngles B. Sowas it with Engles
C. So wasEnglesD.So did Engles
19.A fish needs water and without water it will die._______.
A. So does a manB.So will a man
C. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man
20. So absorbed _______the work that she often forgot to _____ hermeals.
A. had she been in; do B. she was in; make
C. was she in; takeD. she had been in; have
21.So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hearhim.
A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke
22. __________ his appearance that no one could recognizehim.
A. Strange so was B. So strangewas C. Was so strange D. So wasstrange
23.Not once ______ their plan.
A. did they change B. theychanged C. changedtheyD. they did change
24. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are seeing B. had I seen C.I have seen D. have I seen
25.Seldom ______ TV during the day.
A. they watchB.are they watching C. have they watched D. do theywatch
26.Nowhere ______ as in my garden.
A. the flowers were so beautiful B. were the flowers sobeautiful
C. so beautiful were the flowers D. so beautiful the flowerswere
27. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.
A. finished he B. he hadfinished C. did he finish D. had he finished
28.Scarcely _____ finished their homework ______ I came into theclassroom.
A. had they; than B. they had; when C. had they; when D. did they;when
29. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. has he made B. does he make C. hemadeD. did he make
30. Not until his comrades criticized him _______ to admit hismistake.
A. had he begun B. began he C. did he begin D.does he begin
31.______sohard,theywouldn’thavewonthegame.
A.Hadn’tastheytrainedB.Hardlytheytrained
C.Hadn’ttheytrainedD.Weretheytraining
32.---DoyouknowJimhasbeenfiredbyhisboss?
---Idon’tknow,______.
A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcareneitherD.Idon’tcarealso
33.Littleabouther own safety ,though she was in great dangerherself.
A did RosecareB Rose didcare C Rose doescare D doesRose care
34. So sudden _________ that the enemy had no timeto escape.
A. did theattack B. theattackdidC. was theattackD. the attack was
7.Seeing the owner, away ______.
A. the thief ranB.the thief runs C. did the thief ran D. ran the thief
35.---Whydidn’tyoubuyit?
---______,nordidthecoloragreewithme.
A.BecausethepricewashighB.Notonlydidn’titfitme
C.ForIdislikeditsmaterialD.Neitherwasthepricesatisfactory
答案
1—5CABBA6—10 BBCAA
11—15 BCCBA16—20 AAACC
21—25ABADD26—30 BDCDC
31—35CBACD
