冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒(méi)有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義.
冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,表示“一”的意義,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念,只表示名詞為不特定者。
定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者,表示“這”,“那”,“這些”,“那些”的意思,在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用
二.a和an的區(qū)別
不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式,a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開(kāi)頭的詞前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)開(kāi)頭的詞前。

例如:a boy,a university,a european country;
an hour,an honour,an island,an elephant,anumbrella
三.不定冠詞的用法
1.泛指某一類人、事或物;相當(dāng)于any,這是不定冠詞a/an的基本用法。
2.泛指某人或某物,但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物。
3.表示數(shù)量,有“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈。
4.表示“每一”,相當(dāng)于every. 例如,I go to school five days aweek.我一周上五天課。
5.用在序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一”,“再一”。例如,I have threebooks.I want to buy a fourthone.我已經(jīng)有三本書,我想買第四本。
6.用在某些固定詞組中:a lot(of)許多,大量;after a while過(guò)一會(huì)兒
四.定冠詞的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,這是定冠詞的基本用法。
2.指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。例如:open thewindow,please.請(qǐng)打開(kāi)窗戶。
3.指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物。例如:I have a car. The car isred.我有一輛小汽車,它是紅色的。
4.指世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。 例如:Which is bigger,the sun or theearth?哪一個(gè)大,太陽(yáng)還是地球?
5.用在序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)前。例如:The first lesson is the easiestone in this book.第一課是這本書最簡(jiǎn)單的一課。
6.用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。例如,the great wall 長(zhǎng)城,the united states美國(guó)
7.用在某些形容詞前,表示某一類人。例如:the poor窮人,the blind盲人
8.用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻倆”。例如:the Greens格林一家或格林夫妻倆
9.用在方位詞前。例如:on the left在左邊,in the middle of在中間
10.用在樂(lè)器名稱前。例如:She plays the piano everyday.她每天彈鋼琴。
11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脈,群島及國(guó)家和黨派等名詞前。
例如:the black sea黑海,the yangzi river長(zhǎng)江
12.用在某些固定詞組中:all the same仍然;all the time一直;at themoment此刻;at the same time同時(shí);by the way順便說(shuō);do theshopping/washing買東西/洗衣服;in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;in the open air 在戶外,在野外
五.零冠詞的用法
1.在專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。例如,class two二班,tian’an mensquare天安門廣場(chǎng),water水
2.可數(shù)名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)的物主代詞(my,your,his,her等)、指示代詞(this/these,that/those)、不定代詞(some,any等)及所有格限制時(shí)。
例如my book(正);my the book(誤)
3.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)。
例如,They are teachers.他們是老師。
Tigers like meat.老虎喜歡吃肉
4.在星期,月份,季節(jié),節(jié)日前。例如:on sunday在周日,in march在三月,inspring在春天,on women’s day在婦女節(jié)
(特例:如果月份,季節(jié)等被一個(gè)限定性定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí),則要加定冠詞:he joined the armyin the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季參軍。)
5.在稱呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如:tom湯姆,mum媽媽
6.在學(xué)科名稱,三餐飯和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱前。例如:I have lunch at school everyday.
特例:當(dāng)football,basketball指具體的某個(gè)球時(shí),其前可以用冠詞:I can seea football.我可以看到一只足球。Where’s thefootball?那只足球在哪兒?(指足球,并非“球類運(yùn)動(dòng)”)
7.在表特定的公園,街道,車站,橋,學(xué)校等之前。例如:no.25 middle school
8.某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。
(1)與by連用的交通工具名稱前:by bus乘公共汽車;by car乘汽車;bybike騎/坐自行車;by train乘火車;by air/plane乘飛機(jī);by sea/ship乘船,但take a bus,ina boat,on the bike前需用冠詞
(2)名詞詞組:day and night日日夜夜;brother andsister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour時(shí)時(shí)刻刻;here and there到處
(3)介詞詞組:at home在家;in surprise驚奇地;at noon在中午;onfoot步行;at night在晚上;on duty值日;at work在工作;on time準(zhǔn)時(shí);for example例如;inclass在上課;on show展覽;in bed在床上
(4)go短語(yǔ):go home回家;go to bed上床睡覺(jué);go to school去上學(xué);goto work去上班;go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買東西/游泳/劃船/釣魚
六.用與不用冠詞的差異
in hospital住院/in the hospital在醫(yī)院里
go to sea出海/go to the sea去海邊
on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上,在世上
in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the frontof在……(內(nèi)部的)前面
take place發(fā)生/take the place(of)代替
at table進(jìn)餐/at the table在桌子旁
by sea乘船/by the sea在海邊
in future從今以后,將來(lái)/in the future未來(lái)
go to school(church…)上學(xué)(做禮拜…)/go to theschool(church…)到學(xué)校(教堂…)去
on horseback騎著馬/on the horseback在馬背上
two of us我們當(dāng)中的兩人/the two of us我們兩人(共計(jì)兩人)
out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)/out of thequestion不可能的,辦不到的
next year明年/the next year 第二年
a teacher and writer一位教師兼作家(一個(gè)人)/a teacher and awriter一位教師和一位作家(兩個(gè)人)
七、例題剖析
例1.he gave my sister ____useful bookyesterday.
a. an b. a
c. / d the
【答案】b useful的第一個(gè)音素為[ju] 故選b。
例2.my brother is____ honest boy, so he has manyfriends.
a. a b. an
c. the d /
【答案】b honest 的第一個(gè)音素為元音。
例3.more college graduates would like to workin____ west part of country____ next year.
a. the; the b. /; /
c. /; the d. the; /
【答案】a 方位名詞前加the,in the west part;由句意可知為第二年,即thenext year。
例4.there is a big tree____ the house.
a. in the front of
b. in front of
c. in front
d. at class
【答案】b 由句意可知是物體外部的前面。
例5.jim always answers the teacher’s questions_______.
a. in class b. in the class
c. after class d. at class
【答案】a 課上回答老師的問(wèn)題,故選in class。
八、同步練習(xí)
1.there is _____ apple on the desk.
a. a b .the c. an d./
2.the girl under ____ tree is my sister.
a. a b .the
c .an d./
3.mary is from _____ usa.
a. a b. the
c. an d./
4.he met _____ friend of his on the road.
a. a b .the
c .an d./
5.mr black will go back to england______.
a .by air b .by a plane
c. by trains d. at a train
6.yesterday i went to____ work on ____foot.
a. /, / b ./, the
c .the, / d. the, the
7.there is ____“h” in the word “hour”, but____“h”doesn’t make a sound.
a. a, a b. a, the
c. the, ,an d .an. the
8.i’m going to see my mother. she is ill____.
a. in hospital
b. in the hospital
c. in a hospital
d. at a hospital
9. we have three meals ____day. we have breakfastat 6:30 in ____morning every day.
a. the, the, the
b. the, /, the
c. a, /, the
d .a, the, the
10.——this is____ film i’ve told you about severaltimes.
——it’s great. i’ve never seen ___ more movingone.
a. a, a b. the, the
c. the, a d. a, the
11.——tina,could you please play____ piano for mewhile i’m singing?
——with pleasure.
a .a b. an
c. the d. /
12.i want to try again. please give me____ thirdchance again.
a .a b. the
c. an d. /
13. ——what’s the matter with you?
——i caught____ bad cold and had to stay in____bed.
a. a; / b. a; the
c. a; a d. the; the
14.____ sun is shining brightly.
a. a b. an
c. the d. /
15. swimming is____ in summer.
a. a great fun b. great fun c. great funs d.great a fun
參考答案:
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