http://www.sina.com.cn 2010年03月15日 16:44新浪教育
本文選自《有才》的博客,點(diǎn)擊查看博客原文
In man's search for mineral wealth, many enormous holes have beendug. In addition, nature occasionally produces some astounding holes.This list is a pick of the ten most spectacular natural or manmadeholes in the face of the earth。
人類在挖礦石時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)挖掘出非常巨大的礦洞,此外,自然界有時(shí)會(huì)形成令人驚嘆壯觀的洞穴,以下是美國(guó)媒體列舉的地球表面最壯觀的自然或人為洞穴。
土庫(kù)曼斯坦達(dá)爾瓦扎天然氣坑洞
1. Darvaza Gas Crater-Turkmenistan 土庫(kù)曼斯坦達(dá)爾瓦扎天然氣坑洞
In 1971, geologists discovered a massiveunderground deposit of natural gas on this site. Whilst excavating thehole to tap the gas, thedrilling rig collapsed leaving a massive hole.To prevent poisonous gasses from escaping, the hole was allowed toburn. It continues to burn to this day and has done so without ceasing。
1971年,地質(zhì)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)該區(qū)域蘊(yùn)藏著大量的地下天然氣,在常年的開(kāi)采過(guò)程中,由于不慎出現(xiàn)鉆探環(huán)狀坍塌,從而形成了一個(gè)非常大的坑洞。為了防止有毒氣體溢出,土庫(kù)曼斯坦政府允許對(duì)坑洞中的天然氣進(jìn)行燃燒,這個(gè)坑洞從白天到晚上一直處于熊熊烈火燃燒狀態(tài)。因此,這處燃燒的天然氣坑洞也被人們稱為 “地獄之門”。
南非金伯利鉆石礦坑
2. Kimberley Diamond Mine-South Africa 南非金伯利鉆石礦坑
The Kimberley Diamond Mine (also known as theBig Hole) holds the (disputed) title of being the largest hand-dug holein the world. From 1866 to 1914 50,000 miners dug the hole with picksand shovels, yielding 2,722 kg of diamonds. Attempts are being made tohave it registered as a world heritage site。
金伯利鉆石礦坑被認(rèn)為是世界上最大的人力挖掘礦坑,從1866年至1914年,50000名礦工使用鐵鏟等工具進(jìn)行挖掘,共挖掘出2722公斤鉆石。目前,南非政府正試圖將金伯利礦坑申請(qǐng)為一處世界文化遺址。
美國(guó)加州蒙地賽羅水壩
3. Monticello Dam-California 美國(guó)加州蒙地賽羅水壩
The Monticello Dam is a dam in Napa County,California, United States most noted for its large circular spillwaywith a rate of 48,400 cubic feet per second。
蒙地賽羅水壩位于美國(guó)加州綠帕縣,這是美國(guó)大型循環(huán)泄洪道,每秒可泄洪48400立方英尺。
美國(guó)猶他州賓漢姆峽谷銅礦坑
4 Bingham Canyon Mine-Utah 美國(guó)猶他州賓漢姆峽谷銅礦坑
The Bingham Canyon Mine is a copper mine inthe Oquirrh mountains, Utah. The mine is 0.75 mile (1.2 km) deep, 2.5miles (4 km) wide. It is the world's largest manmade excavation。
賓漢姆峽谷銅礦位于猶他州奧克爾(Oquirrh)山脈,這處礦坑深1200米,寬4000米。這是當(dāng)前世界上最大的人為挖掘礦坑。
5. Great Blue Hole-Belize 洪都拉斯藍(lán)洞

The Great Blue Hole is an underwater sinkholeoff the coast of Belize. The hole is 1,000 feet across and 400 feetdeep. It was formed as a limestone cave during the last iceage
洪都拉斯伯利茲市附近海域有一處叫做“藍(lán)洞”的水下坑洞,這個(gè)大洞直徑為1000英尺,深400英尺。它是在冰河時(shí)代末期形成的一個(gè)石灰石坑洞。
俄羅斯西伯利亞米爾鉆石礦坑
6. Mirny Diamond Mine-Siberia 俄羅斯西伯利亞米爾鉆石礦坑
The Mirny Diamond Mine is 525m deep and has adiameter of 1200m. It was the first, and one of the largest, diamondPipes in the USSR. It is now abandoned. While it was still operational,it would take two hours for trucks to drive from the top to the bottomof the mine。
米爾鉆石礦坑深525米,其直徑為1200米,它是前蘇聯(lián)最早、最大的管狀鉆石礦之一,目前這處礦場(chǎng)已被廢棄。據(jù)稱,在該礦場(chǎng)處于開(kāi)采運(yùn)行時(shí),一輛卡車從礦坑底部開(kāi)到頂部需要兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。
加拿大戴維克鉆石礦洞
7. Diavik Mine-Canada 加拿大戴維克鉆石礦洞
The Diavik Mine is a mine in the Northwestterritories of Canada. The mine (opened in 2003) produces 8 millioncarats or about 1,600 kg (3,500 lb) of diamonds every year。
戴維克鉆石礦洞位于加拿大西北領(lǐng)地,這處礦場(chǎng)最初是在2003年開(kāi)采挖掘,每年可以生產(chǎn)800萬(wàn)克拉或相當(dāng)于1600公斤的鉆石。
危地馬拉污水池洞
8 Sinkhole-Guatemala 危地馬拉污水池洞
In 2007, a 300 foot deep sinkhole swallowed adozen homes in Guatemala - killing 2 and causing thousands to beevacuated. The sinkhole was caused by rains and an underground sewageflow。
2007年,危地馬拉突然出現(xiàn)地面塌方,十幾處房屋瞬間落入一個(gè)300英尺深的污水池洞,從而導(dǎo)致2人死亡,數(shù)千人被迫撤離該區(qū)域。這個(gè)塌方的污水池是由于雨水和地下污水流動(dòng)造成的。
俄羅斯烏達(dá)奇納亞鉆石礦洞
9. Udachnaya Pipe-Russia 俄羅斯烏達(dá)奇納亞鉆石礦洞
The Udachnaya Pipe is a diamond mine inRussia. The owners of the mine plan to cease its operations in 2010 -in favor of underground mining. The mine was discovered in 1955 and isover 600 meters deep
這是俄羅斯一處鉆石礦,礦主計(jì)劃于2010年停止采礦,這樣將有利于地下開(kāi)采。據(jù)悉,烏達(dá)奇納亞鉆石礦是于1955年被發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)已被挖掘600米深。
10. Chuquicamata-Chile 智利Chuquicamata銅礦坑
Chuquicamata is an open pit copper mine inChile. It is the mine with the largest total production of copper inthe world - though it is not the largest copper mine. The mine is over850 meters deep。
Chuquicamata是智利一處銅礦,雖然它并不是世界上銅礦儲(chǔ)藏量最大的礦場(chǎng),但是它目前是全球生產(chǎn)銅最多的礦場(chǎng)。這個(gè)礦洞現(xiàn)有850米深。
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