愛華網(wǎng)如何做一個精彩的演講 精彩演講稿
Deliver a clear, relevant message, and tell a few great stories to illustrate it.
Steve Jobs' 2005 commencement address at Stanford University has been viewed more than 2 million times on YouTube. Five years after he delivered it, a text version still flies around the Web. The speech is as powerful for its message--stay hungry, stay foolish--as it is for its structure and delivery. "Today I want to tell you three stories from my life," says Jobs. "That's it. No big deal. Just three stories." And with that, viewers (and readers) are hooked.
-----------------傳達明確，相關的信息，并用一些引人入勝的故事來闡明。
史蒂夫喬布斯2005年在斯坦福大學畢業(yè)典禮上的講話在youtube上被觀看了超過2百萬次。他做完演講5年后，文字版本仍在網(wǎng)上廣泛傳播。那次講話如同它表達的信息一樣強有力，保持饑餓、愚蠢，把這些作為它的結(jié)構(gòu)和所傳遞的。“今天我想告訴你們我生命中的三個故事，”喬布斯說?！昂昧?，不要太嚴肅，只是三個故事?！本瓦@樣，觀眾（讀者）被吸引過來。
Future public speakers of the world, take note. You don't have to be a Silicon Valley billionaire to deliver a great speech. The best speeches include a clear, relevant message and a few great stories to illustrate it. 將來的公共演講者，注意了。你們不必像硅谷的億萬富翁那樣做一個偉大的演講。最好的演講包括一個明確，有相關信息且有一些故事來闡明它。
Forget fancy PowerPoint presentations and loads of data. Instead, keep your speech simple, with a clear beginning, middle and end. Focus on one theme, and eliminate everything else. "Speeches are an inefficient form of communication," says Nick Morgan, the president of Public Words, Inc., and author of Trust Me: Four Steps to Authenticity and Charisma. "People don't remember much of what they hear, so focus and keep it simple." 忘記精美的幻燈片演示和下載數(shù)據(jù)。相反的，使你的演講簡單，有一個明確的開始，過渡和結(jié)尾。關注于主題，減少其他的東西?！把葜v是一種低效率溝通的形式，”尼克摩根說，他是公眾言語公司的總裁，《相信我》的作者：4個階段讓人信任變的有魅力?！叭藗儾荒苡涀√嗨麄兯牭降?，所以演講要集中并保持簡單?！?br>
Use anecdotes. "People struggle so mightily writing speeches when all they have to do is find a message and three great stories to prove it," says Jane Praeger, a Columbia University professor and the president of the speech presentation and coaching firm Ovid Inc. "Those speeches are also easier to deliver because you can recall a story from memory and tell it from your heart. The content has to be inspiring and visual. It should convey emotion and have a particular point of view. If you have the elements of a good speech, your delivery is halfway there." 用小故事?！叭藗兎浅７浅ＥΦ膶懷葜v稿，但他們所需做的所有只是找到一條信息并用三個精彩的故事支撐它，”簡普拉格說，她是哥倫比亞大學的教授并是話語表達的總裁和奧維德公司固定的教練?！斑@樣演講更容易做因為你能回憶一個故事并從內(nèi)心講述出來。演講內(nèi)容必須有鼓舞性和可視性。能傳達情感并有一個特定的觀點。如果你擁有一個好的演講的這些元素，你的演講就有一半了。”
Be relevant to your audience. Ask yourself what problem the audience wants to solve, and talk about that problem first. "Then and only then, talk about your area of expertise as the solution to that problem," says Morgan. "Audiences start off by asking why. Why am I here? Why should I care? If you answer those questions early, then they'll ask how. Your job is to answer the why question first and then address the how." 和聽眾相關聯(lián)。問問自己什么問題是聽眾想解決的，把這些問題先說?！叭缓?，也只有在這之后，談你的專家領域里如何解決那個問題的，”摩根說。“聽眾在開始時會問為什么，為什么我在這？和我有什么關系？如果你早些回答那些問題，他們就會問如何做。你的工作是先回答為什么的問題然后演說如何?！?br>
Ditch the thank yous, and jump right in. People often make the mistake of starting speeches by thanking the introducer or expressing their happiness at being there. "Instead, jump right in with a framing story that suggests what the topic is without giving it all away, a statistic, a question or some kind of interaction with the audience," says Morgan. If you know what your speech is about--and it should be about one thing--you should have an easy time deciding on an opening. Get right into the story and let the audience know what your talk will be about. 跳過感謝某某某，直接進入演講。人們通常會犯這樣的錯誤，通過感謝介紹人和表達他們在這的喜悅來開頭。“相反的，用一個短小的故事引入意味著不是用這些有的沒的的，一個統(tǒng)計，一個問題或者和觀眾的某種互動都行，”摩根說。如果你知道你的演講是關于什么的，它必須是一個方面的，你應該決定讓開場輕松。馬上進入故事并讓聽眾知道你將要說什么。
Use body language that makes you appear comfortable. If you show signs of nervousness, like crossing your arms, or clutching your hands in front of your stomach, your audience will sense your trepidation and be less open to your message. "You have to pretend that you're having a good time and are open to that audience so that they can have a good time and be open back to you," says Morgan. "Successful public speaking is all about passion and emotion. If you're excited, then your audience will be, too." 用肢體語言，這樣讓你看起來自在。如果你顯示出緊張，像交叉雙臂，或把手放在胃部，聽眾會感覺到你的恐懼并會減少接收你的信息?！澳惚仨氀b著你很愉快并對聽眾敞開，這樣他們也能很愉悅，并反饋給你，”摩根說，“成功的公眾演講是關于激情和情感。如果你很激動，你的聽眾也會?！?br>
Stand up straight. Whether you walk across the stage or stand behind a lectern, try to maintain good posture. "Imagine that your head is being held up by a string," says Praeger. 站直了。無論你是在舞臺上走動或站在講臺后面，盡量保持好的姿勢。“想象下你的頭被繩子懸掛住，”普雷格說。
Articulate your words, regardless of your natural speaking style. "Authenticity is key," Praeger says. "You can't be someone you're not. On the other hand, you can be your best self. Softness doesn't detract from a speech if you're committed to what you're saying. Passion, commitment and conviction are critical for delivery, and you can do that whether you're soft-spoken or not. Any number of delivery styles will work."Practice your speech beforehand. "You would do better practicing in the shower and running the speech in your head rather than practicing in front of a mirror, which is distracting," Praeger says. "You do have to practice out loud, hopefully with a small audience." Practice replacing deadening filler words like "um," "so" and "like" with silence. 說話清晰，不要關心自己天然的說話風格。“真實是關鍵，”普拉格說?！澳悴荒茏兂赡悴皇堑哪莻€人。另一方面，你能做最好的自己。溫和的說話不會有損于演講，如果你如果你致力于你所說的。激情、承諾和信念是表達的關鍵，不管你用不用溫柔的說話方式。任何一種表達方式都可以。”
預先練習?！澳阕詈迷谙丛璧臅r候練習，在頭腦中過一遍比在鏡子前練習好，鏡子前易分心，”普雷格說，“你確實需要大聲的練習，最好有少量的聽眾。”練習用沉默來代替沒有感覺的填充詞，像“嗯，”“這樣”和“像”。
Work the room. Try to speak to audience members before your speech, so that you can focus on few friendly faces, particularly if you get nervous. "If you're making eye contact with a friendly person in quadrant one, everyone to their left will think that you're talking to them," says Praeger. "Then do the same thing in quadrant two. You want to see your talk as a series of conversations with different people throughout the room." 工作空間。在演講前嘗試向聽眾成員演講，這樣你就能關注少量熟悉的臉，特別是你感到緊張的時候。“如果你看著第一角落的一個熟悉的人，在他們左邊的每個人都會認為你是朝他們講，”普雷格說，“然后向第二角落做同樣的事情。你想讓你的談話如果和空間里不同人的一系列談話?！?br>
Most important, try to enjoy the experience. "The real zen secret is to love what you're doing in that moment," says Morgan. "If you can relax and be happy about being there, the audience will feel that way, too." 最重要的是試著享受經(jīng)歷?！罢嬲亩U宗秘密是愛上那一刻你所做的，”摩根說，“如果你很放松并且在那很愉快，觀眾也會有同樣的感覺的。”
當眾演講的10項頂級技巧
1.展示您的激情
If I had only one tip to give, it would be to be passionate about your topic andlet that enthusiasm come out. Yes, you need great content. Yes, you needprofessional, well designed visuals. But it is all for naught if you do nothave a deep, heartfelt belief in your topic. The biggest item that separatesmediocre presenters from world class ones is the ability to connect with anaudience in an honest and exciting way. Don't hold back. Be confident. And letyour passion for your topic come out for all to see.
如果我僅有一條建議的話，那就是：對您的話題充滿激情，讓您的熱情爆發(fā)出來！不錯，您的話題需要完美的內(nèi)容，需要專業(yè)的、精心設計的視覺效果。但是如果您對自己的話題沒有深刻的、發(fā)自內(nèi)心深處的自信，那么一切將化為烏有。世界級大師與普通演講者的最大區(qū)別在于，他們具有以真誠而令人興奮的方式與聽眾進行溝通的能力。不要退縮！自信起來！將您的激情展現(xiàn)給大家看！
2. Start strong
2.開個好頭
You've heard it before: First impressions are powerful. Believe it. The first 2-3minutes of the presentation are the most important. The audience wants to likeyou and they will give you a few minutes at the beginning to engage them --don't miss the opportunity. Most presenters fail here because they ramble ontoo long about superfluous background information or theirpersonal/professional history, etc.
您以前應該聽說過：第一印象非常重要。相信這一點。開始2-3分鐘的演講是最重要的。觀眾要喜歡您，一開始會給您幾分鐘適應——不要錯過這個機會。很多的演講者栽倒在這里，因為他們花太多的時間來介紹過量的背景知識，或者是他們個人的/專業(yè)的歷史。
3. Keep it short
3.保持簡短
Humanshave short attention spans when it comes to passively sitting and listening toa speaker. Audience attention is greatest at the opening and then again whenyou say something like "In conclusion...." This is just the humancondition, especially so for the busy (often tired) knowledge worker of today.So, if you have 30 minutes for your talk, finish in 25 minutes. It is better tohave the audience wanting more (of you) than to feel that they have had morethan enough. Professional entertainers know this very well.
當人們坐下被動地聽您演講時，他們的注意力是非常短的。在演講開始的時，以及在您
說“綜上所述……”的時候，聽眾的注意力最集中。這是人之常情，特別是對于今天繁忙（經(jīng)常勞累）的知識工作者來說。因此，如果您有30分鐘的演講，那就25分鐘完成吧。最好是讓觀眾感到?jīng)]聽夠，而不是讓他們覺得您講的太多。專業(yè)的娛樂界藝人就很懂得這個道理。
4. Move awayfrom the podium
4.離開講臺
Get closer to your audience by moving away from or in front of the podium. Thepodium is a barrier between you and the audience, but the goal of our presentationis to connect with the audience. Removing physical barriers between you and theaudience will help you build rapport and make a connection.
站在講臺前面，或離開講臺，去接近您的聽眾。講臺是您和聽眾之間的障礙，而我們演講的目的是與聽眾建立聯(lián)系。掃除您和聽眾之間的實物障礙，有助于您與聽眾建立聯(lián)系，利于溝通。
5. Use a remote-control device
5.使用遙控翻頁器
To advance your slides and builds, use a small, handheld remote. A handheld remotewill allow you to move away from the podium. This is an absolute must. Keyspanhas two good ones. I highly recommend the Keyspan Presentation Remote. Manypeople like the Interlink remote as well.
使用一種小型的手持式遙控翻頁器來控制您的幻燈片。翻頁器可使您能夠離開講臺。這是絕
對必要的！KeySan有兩種遙控翻頁產(chǎn)品，我吐血推薦Keyspan。不過也有許多人喜歡Interlink 牌子的。
6. Remember the“B” key
6. 記住“B”鍵
If you press the “B” key while your PowerPoint or Keynote slide is showing, thescreen will go blank. This is useful if you need to digress or move off thetopic presented on the slide. By having the slide blank, all the attention cannow be placed back on you. When you are ready to move on, just press the “B”key again and the image reappears.
當您的PPT或Keynote幻燈片處于放映狀態(tài)時，按下“B”鍵，屏幕立即變?yōu)榭瞻?。這一招在您
需要轉(zhuǎn)移話題時非常有用。通過把幻燈片變成空白，就可以將聽眾的注意力全都轉(zhuǎn)移到您身上。當您準備好繼續(xù)演講時，再次按下“B”鍵，幻燈片圖像就會重新出現(xiàn)。
7. Make good eye contact
7.眼神接觸
Try looking at individuals rather than scanning the group. Since you are using acomputer, you never need to look at the screen behind you — just glance down atthe computer screen briefly. One sure way to lose an audience is to turn yourback on them. And while you're maintaining great eye contact, don't forget tosmile as well. Unless your topic is very grim, a smile can be a very powerful thing.
盡力用眼睛盯住聽眾，而不是朝大伙輕瞄一眼。由于您正使用電腦，因此您決不需要看您后面的大屏幕——短時間低頭看一下電腦屏幕就行了。把背朝向聽眾的做法一定會使您失去他們的。而當您和聽眾保持良好的眼神接觸時，別忘了也要微笑一下。除非您的話題非常嚴肅，否則保持微笑是非常非常有好處的。
8. Keep thelights on
8.打開室內(nèi)燈光
If you are speaking in a meeting room or a classroom, the temptation is to turnthe lights off so that the slides look better. But go for a compromise betweena bright screen image and ambient room lighting. Turning the lights off — besidesinducing sleep — puts all the focus on the screen. The audience should belooking at you more than the screen. Today’s projectors are bright enough toallow you to keep many of the lights on.
如果您是在會議室或教室演講，那么關燈之后的幻燈片效果好些。但是要對明亮的屏幕圖像 和室內(nèi)光線之間進行權衡。關了燈——除非是讓大家睡覺——就是把大家的注意力都引到屏幕上了！聽眾應該多看您，而不是看屏幕！現(xiàn)在的投影儀已經(jīng)足夠亮了，您可以將室內(nèi)的大多數(shù)燈光打開。
9. Use a TV forsmall groups
9.為小組提供電視
If you are presenting to a small group, then you can connect your computer to alarge TV (via the s-video line-in). With a TV screen, you can keep all or mostof the lights on. Make sure your text and graphics are large enough to be seenon the small the screen. You will probably have to increase the type size significantly.
如果您的聽眾是一個小組，那么你就可以將電腦連接到一個大型電視（通過S端接入）。有了電視屏幕，你就可以打開大部分的燈光。請確保您的文本和圖形足夠大，這樣在小屏幕上才看得清楚。您可能需要增大字號的大小。
10. At alltimes: courteous, gracious, & professional
10.在任何時候：禮貌、和藹、專業(yè)
When audience members ask questions or give comments, you should be gracious andthank them for their input. Even if someone is being difficult, you must keepto the high ground and at all times be a gentleman or lady and courteously dealwith such individuals. The true professional can always remain cool and incontrol. Remember, it is your reputation, so always remain gracious even withthe most challenging of audiences.
當觀眾提問或作評論的時候，你應該表現(xiàn)心態(tài)隨和，并感謝他們參與。即使有人刻意刁難，您也要表現(xiàn)出紳士或淑女之風，以高姿態(tài)、禮貌的方式妥善處理。真正的專業(yè)人士總是能保持冷靜，控制局面。請記住，這是您的聲譽，即使遇到最難對付的聽眾，也始終保持和藹可親。
PPT演講組織及準備技巧
1. 從結(jié)果開始
Before you evenopen up PowerPoint, sit down and really think about the day of your presentation. What is the real purpose of your talk? Why is it that you wereask to speak? What does the audience expect? In your opinion, what are the mostimportant parts of your topic for the audience to take away from your, say,50-minute presentation? Remember, even if you've been asked to shareinformation, rarely is the mere transfer of information a satisfactoryobjective from the point of view of the audience. After all, the audience couldalways just read your book (or article, handout, etc.) if information transferwere the only purpose of the meeting, seminar, or formal presentation.在您打開PowerPoint前，請坐下來認真想一想您演講那天的情形。您演講的真正目的是什么呢？為什么要求您發(fā)言？聽眾的期望又是什么呢？您認為，聽眾從您50分鐘（比如說）的演講中獲得最重要的信息是什么？請記住，即使要求的是簡單分享下信息，但在聽眾看來，純粹地傳遞信息并非令人滿意。畢竟，如果會議、研討會或正式演講僅是為了信息傳遞的話，聽眾完全可以看一看您的書（文章、講義等）就行了，（還要聽您講干嘛？）
2. Know your audience as well as possible2.盡量了解您的聽眾
Before you begin to formulate the content of your presentation, you need to ask yourself manybasic questions with an eye to becoming the best possible presenter for that particular audience. At the very least, you need to answer the basic "W questions."
想成為優(yōu)秀的演講人，您需要在制作演示稿之前問自己一些基本問題。至少您需要回答下面幾個基本的“W問題”。
Who is the audience?What are their backgrounds? How much background information about your topic can you assumethey bring to the presentation?聽眾是誰？他們來自什么行業(yè)？您認為他們對您話題的背景知識了解多少？
What is the purpose of the event? Is it toinspire? Are they looking for concrete practical information? Do they want more concepts and theory rather than advice?演講的目的是什么的？是否為了啟發(fā)聽眾？他們是否需要詳細而實用的信息？他們是否希望獲得更多的概念和理論？而不是為了獲得建議？
Why were you asked to speak? What are their expectations of you?為什么要求您發(fā)言？他們對您的期望是什么？
Where is it? Find out everything you canabout the location and logistics of the venue.場地在哪里？盡您所能找到場地的位置和會務人員。
When is it? Do you have enough time toprepare? What time of the day? If there are other presenters, what is the order(always volunteer to go first or last, by the way). What day of the week? All of this matters.什么時候開始？您有足夠的時間準備嗎？演講幾點開始？如果有其他演講者，順序是如何安排的？（順便提一下，您應主動爭當?shù)谝粋€或最后一個演講者）那天是星期幾？等等。
3. Content,content, content3.內(nèi)容為王
No matter howgreat your delivery, or how professional and beautiful your supporting visuals,if your presentation is not based on solid content, you can not succeed. Don'tget me wrong, I am not saying that great content alone will carry the day. Italmost never does. Great content is a necessary condition, but not a sufficientone. But your presentation preparation starts with solid content (appropriate for your audience) which you then build into a winning story that you'll use toconnect with your audience.無論您的演講技巧多棒，幻燈片做得多專業(yè)，多漂亮，如果您的演講稿缺乏實實在在的內(nèi)容，那您照樣不會取得成功。不要誤會，我并不是說單憑好的內(nèi)容就能獲得成功。不是的。好的內(nèi)容只是必要條件，而不是充分條件。您應該以實實在在的內(nèi)容（適合聽眾的）為出發(fā)點來準備演講，再將這些內(nèi)容有機串連成故事，娓娓向您的聽眾道來。
A word of caution : Though I am emphasizing how important content is, Ialso am begging you to spare your audience a "data dump." A data dump— all too common unfortunately — is when a presenter crams too much informationinto the talk without making the effort to make the information or dataapplicable to the members of the audience. A data dump also occurs when dataand information do not seem to build on the information that came earlier inthe presentation. Sometimes it almost seems that the presenter is either showing off, or more likely, is simply afraid that if he does not tell the"whole story" by giving reams of data, the audience will not understand his message.警告：雖然我強調(diào)內(nèi)容很重要，但我也懇請您不要把聽眾當成“話桶”。“話桶”——不幸的是它普遍存在——就是演講人不下功夫準備適合聽眾的內(nèi)容，但卻向聽眾強行灌輸大量信息。當演講內(nèi)容不是根據(jù)演講之前的要求準備時，也會出現(xiàn)話桶的情況。有時候演講人似乎是在炫耀，或者可能擔心如果不給出大量信息來講述“整個故事”，聽眾就難以明白他的意思。
Do not fall intothe trap of thinking that in order for your audience to understand anything,you must tell them everything. Which brings us to the idea of simplicity.
不要陷入以下誤區(qū)：為了讓聽眾理解所有的內(nèi)容，就必須告訴他們每一個細節(jié)。
4. Keep it simple
4.保持簡單
Simple does notmean stupid. Frankly, thinking that the notion of simplifying is stupid is just plain, well, "stupid." Simple can be hard for the presenter, but itwill be appreciated by the audience. Simplicity takes more forethought andplanning on your part because you have to think very hard about what to includeand what can be left out. What is the essence of your message? This is theultimate question you need to ask yourself during the preparation of your presentation. Here's a simple exercise:
簡單并不意味著愚蠢。坦率地說，認為簡單就是愚蠢恰恰是簡單而“愚蠢的”。演講人做到簡單很難，但聽眾卻喜歡。簡單需要更多的構(gòu)思和計劃，因為您必須認真考慮哪些內(nèi)容應該包含在您的演講中，哪些內(nèi)容可以被排除在外。您演講的核心內(nèi)容是什么？這是您在準備演講時必須問自己的最終問題。下面是一個簡單的練習：
EXERCISE:
練習：
If your audience could remember only three things about your presentation, what would you want itto be?(1)__________(2)__________(3)__________
如果聽眾只能記住3條您介紹的東西，您希望它們是什么？
（1）__________
（2）__________
（3）__________
5. Outlining your content5.草擬內(nèi)容
I suggest youstart your planning in "analog mode." That is, rather than divingright into PowerPoint (or Keynote), the best presenters often scratch out theirideas and objectives with a pen and paper. Personally, I use a large whiteboardin my office to sketch out my ideas (when I was at Apple, I had one entire wallturned into a whiteboard!). The whiteboard works for me as I feel uninhibitedand freer to be creative. I can also step back (literally) from what I havesketched out and imagine how it might flow logically when PowerPoint is addedlater. Also, as I write down key points and assemble an outline and structure,I can draw quick ideas for visuals such as charts or photos that will laterappear in the PowerPoint. Though you may be using digital technology when youdeliver your presentation, the act of speaking and connecting to an audience —to persuade, sell, or inform — is very much analog.
我建議您開始以“模擬模式”制作您的幻燈片。也就是說，不要一開始就蒙頭使用PowerPoint（或Keynote）軟件，優(yōu)秀的演講人經(jīng)常利用紙和筆來草擬他們的想法和目標。對我來說，我使用辦公室中的一塊大白板來簡要描繪我的想法（當我在蘋果公司的時候，我將一整面墻變成了我的白板！）。使用白板時，我感覺無拘無束，自由自在，創(chuàng)造力無限。我也可以從已擬出的內(nèi)容后退一步，想象稍后使用PowerPoint時在邏輯上如何銜接。此外，當在紙上勾畫要點，組織大綱結(jié)構(gòu)的時候，我能突然獲得一些圖表、照片等視覺化想法，而后再將這些想法用PPT表現(xiàn)出來。當您演講的時候，盡管使用數(shù)碼技術進行了輔助支持，但說話和與聽眾互動——說服、推銷、報告等行為，也是需要模擬的。
Cliff Atkinson inhis 2005 book, "Beyond Bullet Points," smartly states that startingto create your presentation in PowerPoint before you have your key points andlogical flow first worked out (on paper or a white board in my case) is like amovie director hiring actors and starting to film before there is a script inhand.Cliff Atkinson在他2005出版的《超越要點》一書中打了個形象的比方，他說：在演講要點和邏輯順序沒有弄清楚之前（用紙或白板）就著手使用PowerPoint制作演示文稿，正如一個電影導演還沒拿到劇本就開始招聘演員演戲。
More on "planning analog"
更多關于“規(guī)劃模擬”
I usually use alegal pad and pen (or a whiteboard if there is enough space) to create a roughkind of storyboard. I find the analog approach stimulates my creativity a bitmore as I said. No software to get in my way and I can easily see how the flowwill go. I draw sample images that I can use to support a particular point,say, a pie chart here, a photo there, perhaps a line graph in this section andso on. You may be thinking that this is a waste of time: why not just go intoPowerPoint and create your images there so you do not have to do it twice?Well, the fact is, if I tried to create a storyboard in PowerPoint, it wouldactually take longer as I would constantly have to go from normal view to slidesorter view to see the "whole picture." The analog approach (paper orwhiteboard) to sketch out my ideas and create a rough storyboard really helpssolidify and simplify my message in my own head. I then have a far easier timelaying out those ideas in PowerPoint. I usually do not even have to look at thewhiteboard or legal pad when I am in PowerPoint, because the analog processalone gave a clear visual image of how I want the content to flow. I glance atmy notes to remind me of what visuals I thought of using at certain points andthen go to iStockphoto.com or to my own extensive library of high-quality stockimages to find the perfect image.
我通常使用筆記本和鋼筆（若空間足夠大就使用白板）來畫草圖。我發(fā)現(xiàn)這種模擬方法比我所說的更能激發(fā)我的創(chuàng)造力。由于沒有幻燈片制作軟件干擾思路，我可以很容易知道制作的邏輯流程。我可以畫一個草圖來支持我的某個觀點，比如說在這里用一個餅圖，在那里用一張照片，也許一個曲線圖，等等。您可能會想：這多浪費時間??！為啥不直接用PowerPoint呢，非得同一件事情重復做兩次？這個問題問的好，問題的答案是，如果我用PowerPoint來畫圖，那么實際上會花費更長的時間，因為我要不斷地在PowerPoint普通視圖和瀏覽視圖之間切換，以了解幻燈片內(nèi)容的“全貌”。采用該模擬方法（在紙上或白板上）醞釀我的想法并勾畫草圖，可以幫助我鞏固和簡化大腦中的信息。所以當我用PowerPoint表達那些想法時，就很容易了。當使用PowerPoint時，我通常都不看剛才使用的白板和筆記本了，因為模擬過程就給了我清晰的視覺化圖像，演講內(nèi)容流程如何走向，都歷歷在目。我看一眼我的筆記，回憶一下某一要點我使用了什么視覺化圖形，然后到iStockphoto.com網(wǎng)站或我自己的高品質(zhì)圖像庫中尋找最完美的圖像。
6. Have a sound,clear structure
6.結(jié)構(gòu)完整、清晰
Take a page outout the McKinsey presentation handbook:presentation structure is paramount.Without it, your wonderful style, delivery and great supporting visuals willfall flat. If you took the time in the first step to outline your ideas and setthem up in a logical fashion, then your thinking should be very clear. You canvisualize the logic of your content and the flow of the presentation. If your ideas are not clear first, it will be impossible to design the proper structurelater when you create visuals and/or supporting documents. Your audience needsto see where you are going. And it is not enough to simply have an"agenda" or "road map" slide in the beginning thatillustrates the organization of your talk. If you do not actually have a solidroad of logic and structure, then an outline slide will be of no use. In fact,the audience may become even more irritated since you made the promise of organization in the beginning, but then failed to deliver the promise with apresentation which is muddled and lacks focus.麥肯錫演示手冊指出：演示文稿的結(jié)構(gòu)是至關重要的。沒有好的文稿結(jié)構(gòu)，再精彩的演講風格、技巧和視覺效果都將付諸東流。如果你在第一步花點時間來勾畫您的想法，并將其富有邏輯地組織起來，那么您的思路就會變得非常清晰。您可以將內(nèi)容邏輯和演示流程視覺化處理。如果開始您的想法不清晰，那么在制作幻燈片的時候就不可能設計出合理的結(jié)構(gòu)。您的聽眾需要知道您的演講思路。在演講開始時，僅使用一張“議程表”或“路線圖”來展現(xiàn)您演講的組織結(jié)構(gòu)是不夠的。如果您沒有嚴密的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，那么一張“議程表”或“路線圖”幻燈片也沒用。實際上，如果您開始時展示了組織結(jié)構(gòu)，而演示時糊里糊涂，缺乏重點，那么聽眾可能聽得非常煩躁。
7. Dakara nani?(so what?)7.那重要嗎？
In Japanese Ioften say to myself, "dakara nani?" or "sore de...?"whichtranslate roughly as "so what?!" or "your point being...?"I say this often while I am preparing my material. When building the content ofyour presentation always put yourself in the shoes of the audience and ask"so what?" Really ask yourself the tough questions throughout theplanning process. For example, is your point relevant? It may be cool, but isit important or help your story in a very important way...or is it fluff?Surely you have been in an audience and wondered how what the presenter wastalking about was relevant or supported his point. "So what?" youprobably said to yourself. "So what?" — always be asking yourselfthis very important, simple question. If you can't really answer that question,then cut that bit of content out of your talk.我經(jīng)常用日語對自己說，“dakara nani？”或“sore de…？”，大致意思是“那重要嗎？”或“您的觀點是…？”當我準備資料時，我經(jīng)常對自己說這句話。當您準備演示稿的內(nèi)容時，要始終站在聽眾的角度問自己：“那重要嗎？”在整個準備過程中，一定要問自己這些尖銳的問題。例如，您的觀點重要嗎？這也許很酷，但是重要嗎？還是不重要？是的，您應該始終站在聽眾的角度，不住地質(zhì)疑演講內(nèi)容是否重要，這些內(nèi)容如何支持演講人的觀點?！澳侵匾獑?？”您可能對自己說?！澳侵匾獑?？”——總是問自己這個非常重要而簡單的問題。如果您實在不能回答這個問題，那么就將這些內(nèi)容刪除掉吧。
8. Can you passthe "elevator test"? 8. 您能通過“電梯測試”嗎？
Check the clarityof your message with the elevator test. This exercise forces you to"sell" your message in 30-45 seconds. Imagine this is the situation:You have been scheduled to pitch a new idea to the head of product marketing atyour company, one of the leading technology manufactures in the world. Bothschedules and budgets are tight; this is an extremely important opportunity foryou if you are to succeed at getting the OK from the executive team. When youarrive at the Admin desk outside the vice-president's office, suddenly shecomes out with her coat and briefcase in hand and barks, "...sorry,something's come up, give me your pitch as we go down to the lobby..."Imagine such a scenario. Could you sell your idea in the elevator ride and awalk to the parking lot? Sure, the scenario is unlikely, but possible. What isvery possible, however, is for you to be asked without notice to shorten yourtalk down, from, say, 20 minutes, to 10 minutes (or from a scheduled one hourto 30 minutes), could you do it? True, you may never have to, but practicingwhat you might do in such a case forces you to get your message down and makeyour overall content tighter and clearer.請用電梯測試來檢查下您演講的清晰度。這個練習迫使您在30-40秒內(nèi)“推銷”您的演講。想象下這個場景：您在一家世界領先的制造企業(yè)工作，你被要求向產(chǎn)品營銷負責人匯報您的新想法。時間安排和預算都很緊張，如果您要想獲得執(zhí)行小組的肯定，該匯報就是一個極為重要的機會。當您到達副總辦公室外面，走到管理人員桌邊時，她穿著大衣，拎著手提包突然走出來，“…對不起，有些急事，讓我們到大廳去，邊走邊說…”，想象一下這樣的場景。您能在搭電梯或去往停車場的途中成功推銷您的想法嗎？是的，這是個假想場景，但還是有可能發(fā)生的。而且，非常有可能發(fā)生的是，若您被臨時要求縮短演講時間，比如從20分鐘減少到10分鐘（或者從1個小時減少到30分鐘），您能做到嗎？是的，您可能從來不會遇到，但練習在這種情況下怎么做，可以幫助您修改演講內(nèi)容，使之更簡潔、更清晰。
Author, Ron Hoff("I Can See You Naked") reminds us that your presentation should beable to pass the David Belasco test while you're in the planning stages. David Belasco was a producer who insisted that the core idea for every successfulplay he produced could be written as a simple sentence on the back of abusiness card. Try it. Can you crystallize the essence of your presentation content and write it on the back of a business card? If the task is impossible for you, then you may want to think again and get your message down pat in yourmind. This too is certainly something you do before you ever begin to open up PowerPoint (Keynote).《我看到您赤裸》的作者Ron Hoff提醒我們，您的演講在計劃階段就應該能通過大衛(wèi)·貝拉斯科測試。電影制片人大衛(wèi)·貝拉斯科認為，他每部成功電影的核心思想都能夠簡化成一句話，可以寫在名片背面。試試看。您能凝練演示稿的主要內(nèi)容，并將其寫在名片上嗎？如果您做不到，那么您就需要再次思考，牢記演講內(nèi)容。這也是您啟動PowerPoint（Keynote）軟件之前需要做的事情。
9. The art ofstory telling
9.講故事的藝術
Good presentations include stories. The best presenters illustrate their points with the use ofstories, most often personal ones. The easiest way to explain complicated ideasis through examples or by sharing a story that underscores the point. Storiesare easy to remember for your audience. If you want your audience to rememberyour content, then find a way to make it relevant and memorable to them. Youshould try to come up with good, short, interesting stories or examples tosupport your major points.好的演講需要講故事來協(xié)助。最優(yōu)秀的演講人以講故事的方式來說明他們的觀點，而且多是有關個人的故事。通過舉例子或講故事來強調(diào)某一觀點，是解釋深奧思想最簡單的方法。您的聽眾很容易記住您講的故事。如果您希望聽眾能記住您演講的內(nèi)容，那么就想方設法讓演講內(nèi)容與聽眾產(chǎn)生關聯(lián)并使其易于記憶吧。您應該盡量找一些好的、簡短的、有趣的故事或例子來支持主要觀點。
In addition, it isuseful to think of your entire 30 minute presentation as an opportunity to"tell a story." Good stories have interesting, clear beginnings,provocative, engaging content in the middle, and a clear, logical conclusion. Ihave seen pretty good (though not great) presentations that had very averagedelivery and average graphics, but were relatively effective because thespeaker told relevant stories in a clear, concise manner to support his points.Rambling streams of consciousness will not get it done; audiences need to hear(and see) your points illustrated.
此外，將30分鐘的演講看成“講故事”的好機會是大有裨益的。好的故事應該是有趣有味、開頭明朗、積極向上、內(nèi)容充實，并且結(jié)論清晰而富有邏輯性。我曾經(jīng)聽過不錯的演講（盡管不是很好），演講人技巧一般，幻燈片也一般，但是演講效果卻相當好，原因在于演講人以清晰、簡潔的故事來支持他的觀點。漫無邊際的意識流不會產(chǎn)生好的效果；聽眾需要您形象地說明您的觀點。
10. Confidence —How to get it
10.信心——如何得到它
The more you are on top of your material the less nervous you will be. If you have taken thetime to build the logical flow of your presentation, designed supporting materials that are professional and appropriate, there is much less to benervous about. And, if you have then actually rehearsed with an actual computerand projector (assuming you are using slideware) several times, yournervousness will all but melt away. We fear what we do not know. If we know ourmaterial well and have rehearsed the flow, know what slide is next in the deck,and have anticipated questions, then we have eliminated much (but not all) ofthe unknown. When you remove the unknown and reduce anxiety and nervousness,then confidence is something that will naturally take the place of your anxiety.
您對材料準備得越充分，就越不易產(chǎn)生緊張情緒。如果您花了時間來梳理演講稿的邏輯，設計了專業(yè)而適當?shù)闹尾牧?，那么就沒什么可緊張的了。另外，如果您還用電腦和投影儀（假設您使用的是幻燈片軟件）進行了幾次彩排，那么您所有的緊張將消失得無影無蹤。我們因我們知之甚少而焦慮。如果我們對材料了然于心，進行了流程排練，熟悉幻燈片的順序，準備了預期的問題，那么我們就知之甚多了。當你熟悉了演講內(nèi)容和過程，減輕了焦慮和緊張情緒，那么信心自然就有了。
六個令人討厭的演說習慣
Watching public speaking -- at a corporate seminar, a presentation, a high school assembly -- is more often than not a miserable experience. Part of the problem is that a lot of what's being presented is bullshit, which already doesn't bode well, but lots of speakers make it even worse by trying to glaze the bullshit with decorative cake frosting and sprinkles, so to speak. They'll dress up a five-minute talk on the most obvious and meaningless statements about sexual harassment with annoying gimmicks and tricks to the point where everyone leaves the seminar determined to sexually harass somebody, just out of spite.看看那些公開演講——公司研討會、客戶提案、高中集會——多半是個痛苦的經(jīng)歷。問題的部分原因是，大部分都是廢話，這已經(jīng)不是一個好兆頭，但許多演講家還給這些扯淡玩意灑滿蛋糕奶油和巧克力粉，讓這些胡說八道更顯惡心。比如，他們會把一個顯而易見并且毫無意義的關于性騷擾的即興演講，塞滿討厭的噱頭和花哨的技巧，以至于最終離開演講的每個人都恨不得馬上騷擾一下旁人以泄怨憤。
Here's a couple of their worst habits:下面的幾個最惡劣的習慣:
#6.Blaming the Audience for a Lack of Enthusiasm#6. 指責聽眾缺少激情
I think a lot of us have run into a guy like this at some time in our lives. Now what can we see here, other than that stock photo minorities are apparently very vindictive people?我想大多數(shù)人在生活中都會碰到這些家伙，就像現(xiàn)在看到圖上那樣。恨之入骨的應該不止圖上那幾位吧？
Well, the most annoying thing, beyond being nagged to do something you don't really want to do, is that the speaker is basically blaming you, the audience, for not being enthusiastic about something as stupid as his initial greeting, or maybe a catchphrase he wants you to repeat later, or maybe some opinion you're supposed to get excited about.呃，最煩人的事情除了被迫使做你不想做的事之外，還有就是演講者喋喋不休的責備觀眾不被他的開場白或者其他愚蠢的事所感染而豪情萬丈，可能是接下他讓你重復個不停的口號，還有可能是你應該感到興奮一些觀點什么的。
Well, that's his job. He's supposed to get you excited by making the subject matter exciting, not by guilting you into pretending to be excited. Does the pizza delivery guy have the balls to lecture you about not paying him for the pizza when he hasn't brought you any pizza? Does he tell you that good customers pay money? Does he act disappointed in how little you care about the pizza he didn't bring?得承認，這是他的工作。他要做的是，找到讓你興奮的話題來調(diào)動現(xiàn)場氣氛，而不是怪罪大家沒有裝的很有激情。難道披薩小子夠膽跟你討價還價說：我沒帶披薩來，但是我希望你付錢？他還告訴你“好的顧客都是二話不說的掏錢”？而對于沒帶來你想要的披薩根本沒有悔意——哪怕一點點？
It's even slimier when a speaker equates lack of volume with the audience not caring deeply enough about the subject -- especially when the subject is some morally good cause. "That's it? That's all I get when I talk about building houses for the poor?" or "Come on, don't you care about Darfur a little more than that?" You could be giving a thousand dollars a month and passing out flyers all over your campus, but apparently because you don't yell loudly enough at a speech, you don't REALLY care.當一個演講者與聽眾在話題上達不到共鳴的時候，演講本身就是很扯淡——尤其是當話題確實不錯的時候，“就這樣？當我們談論廉租房的時候就意味著這個？”或者是“得了吧，難道你不覺得應該更關注達爾福爾地區(qū)多一些嗎？”你可能找份每月1000美元去學院到處發(fā)傳單的活，很顯然不是因為你在演講中大喊大叫，一點關系都沒有。
Sometimes the speaker means well and naturally shouts about anything he cares about, and is just mistakenly projecting his extroverted personality onto everyone else, but sometimes the speaker is deliberately hoping to redirect well-intentioned audience guilt about a good cause toward cheers for himself. In which case maybe those vindictive minorities above aren't too far off.有時候演講者出于好意，本能地為他感興趣的事情大喊呼喊，只是錯誤地把外向型個人表達方式強加給了他人。然而有時候演講者蓄謀利用那些善意聽眾的自責心來換取支持率，在這種情況下，這樣一來，上圖中那些心懷惡意的少數(shù)聽眾并不遠了。
#5.Forced Acrostics and Other Useless Mnemonics#5.拼湊的藏頭詩和其他一些沒用的記憶法
An acrostic is that piece of shit I made above. It's different from an acronym, I guess, in the sense that saying the whole thing in order doesn't have to make sense, and you can have sentences. Every motivational book or speaker has to have one, and the famous ones are "good" in the sense that they're easy to understand and you can remember what they stand for.上面我寫的那首打油詩根本就是個狗屎，這不同于縮略語，這首打油詩表明你可以言之鑿鑿地去描述一件沒任何意義的事。每本勵志書或演講者都有一套這樣的東西——看起來讓人容易理解并且可以牢記所代表含義，最知名就是關于“好”的解釋上。
Unfortunately, that means that every high school speaker and bush league pastor thinks that using them is the key to success.遺憾的是，每個高中的演講者和新手的牧師都認為，使用這種方法就是演講成功的關鍵。
As you can see, when you have to force your points to begin with the letters of whatever cutesy word you come up with, like "SMART" above, you'll end up with convoluted phrases like I've got, or you'll be digging in a thesaurus and coming up with obscure, hard-to-remember synonyms for the word you really wanted. It completely defeats the purpose of the acrostic in making your points easy to remember.你可以看到，當你不得不用這些矯揉造作的單詞的開頭字母來闡釋你的觀點時候，就像上面的" SMART "，像我那樣，最后導向晦澀復雜的短語，或者被埋進百科全書并被困惑所掩埋，最終很難記住你真的想要的那個同義詞。這完全違背了藏頭詩的本意——本來是讓你的觀點更容易被記住的。
Another variant on the same thing is "the 4 E's" or something similar, where you make every point begin with the same letter. This really forces the thesaurus usage.另外一種變種就是"the 4 E's" 或者其他類似的，用相同的字母開始每個觀點，這讓大家不得不去使用同義詞詞典。
In this case, it would probably be easier to just make people memorize those three sentences than to make them try to remember the weird, barely used word you came up with, and then figure out what that word was supposed to mean.在這種情況下，它很可能只會讓人們更易記住這三句話而不是這些怪胎——突發(fā)奇想出些晦澀拗口的詞，然后期望大伙明白它的意思。
Seriously, if you can't think of a clever, compact way to make people remember your points, just pass out a goddamned outline. The printing press has been around for over 600 years, maybe make some use of it.更為嚴重的是，如果你想不到一個聰明的、相關聯(lián)的方式讓人們記住你的演講要點，那么最終只是給聽眾留下一個荒謬無比的印象。打印機已經(jīng)發(fā)明了600多年了，是時候考慮用用他們了。
#4.Forced Audience Participation#4.強迫聽眾參與互動
All that said, I want you to memorize the acronym for Forced Audience Participation (FAP) because it's very apt. FAP is basically a speaker getting his rocks off by having the audience do things that he can fool himself into believing are a sign of how interested they are in his fascinating speech.說的這兒，我建議你應該記住“強迫聽眾參與互動（FAP）”的縮寫，因為它太常見了。FAP基本上是每一個演講者為之瘋狂的事情——讓這些聽眾做點事動起來，他就可以欺騙自己說觀眾是多么的沉醉于他迷人的演講。
For example, there's a kind of bad habit going around where the audience has a printed outline of the speech, and at certain points, the speaker asks them to stop and circle a key word. Sometimes this makes sense, I guess, if you're introducing a new term like the 180 degree rule, or if the word is central to all the points you're making. ("Quentin Tarantino goes in a lot of exciting directions in his films but it all comes back to his foot fetish. I want you to circle 'foot fetish.' We're going to come back to that a lot.")舉個例子，例如，有種壞習慣很流行，一般這時觀眾都有演講的大綱打印稿，突然演講者要他們停下來圈一個關鍵詞。有時這很有道理，比如你要說明一個新的術語，就像“180度規(guī)則”，或者如果這個詞是你所有論點的核心。（比如 "昆汀·塔倫蒂諾在他的電影里有諸多性的暗示，一般都回到他的戀足癖上，圈“戀足癖”，我們等下要說到更多關于這個。"）
Filmdrunk "Just like Tarantino does."
電影片段 塔倫蒂諾就是這么干的
Of course, all this depends on a grasp of what words are vital and recurring in your speech, and you know what? Most people with that skill know how to emphasize those words without making people circle them on a piece of paper. So most of the people using this trick have no idea what words would be appropriate to circle. I have seen speakers tell me to circle words like "the" and "and" in a desperate last-ditch effort to feel like the audience is listening to something they are saying.當然，這么做的依據(jù)是理解這些詞非常關鍵，并且在你的演講中重復出現(xiàn)，但你知道么？最有技巧的人知道如何強調(diào)這些話，而不使人在紙上畫圈。所以大部分用這種伎倆的人是“不知道哪個詞該圈一下?！蔽矣幸娺^類似的演講者告訴我告訴我圈一下"the"和"and"，簡直是拼了老命似的讓自己感受到觀眾在聽他說話。
And it's very self-gratifying when you give an order and everyone obediently scritch-scratches with their pencils. It's easy to fool yourself into thinking, "Well, that particular 'and' I asked them to circle must have been a very important 'and' indeed." But if that's not enough, you might make them repeat key words or phrases out loud, which is annoying in the same sense as forcing a louder "good morning" out of people is annoying.你一個命令，每個人都很乖的唰唰奮筆疾書，那種感覺很棒。很容易安慰自己說，"呃，那個我讓他們?nèi)Φ奶貏e的'and'一定是個非常重要的'and'。"但如果這還不夠，你還可以讓他們大聲重復的那些關鍵字或短語，這就跟強制大喊"早上好"惹惱聽眾的人一樣令人憎惡。
But if you still can't get an erection after making people dutifully circle and repeat things, you can make them really pretend they're into it by dragging volunteers up to the front of the room and having them participate in stupid skits. You can give them goofy props, to make it funny. Just don't give them anything sharp.當所有人都在乖乖地、不斷地畫圈圈的時候，你還是沒爽到的話，你就可以考慮讓他們假裝忘情地投入，找一些志愿者站在前排，讓他們演一些可笑的短劇，再發(fā)一些愚蠢的小道具，讓這事更好玩。只是千萬別給他們?nèi)魏卫鳌?br>
#3.Asking Really Hard or Really Stupid Questions#3.問一些艱澀難懂或者極其愚蠢的問題
There's two ways to ask questions of the audience that will make them hate you. One is to ask really hard questions, where they stress out about getting it wrong and looking stupid in front of everyone. If you've ever attended high school or college, you've probably run into that.有兩種提問的辦法可以讓聽眾恨你入骨。一個是問一些確實偏門的東西，這樣讓會他們緊張并且在眾人面前看起來像個蠢蛋。如果你正在讀高中或者大學，遲早會碰到這種糗事。
The other way might be even worse, when they ask the most obvious question possible. If they ask the audience as a whole, they just want a loud "YES!" or "NO!" same as any of the other forced enthusiasm tactics. But if they single you out, it's really the most no-win situation ever.另外一種辦法或許更糟糕：問一些白癡都懂的事情。如果演講者向聽眾全體發(fā)問這些問題，他們只是想要一個大聲的“是”或者不是”，這就像其他那些迫使互動的花招一樣。但是如果單獨把你指出來，那真的是史無前例的尷尬情景。
After I've had an entire 12-pack of cheap beer, should I get in my car and start driving? What do you think? Todd?" If you answer wrong, you'll look retarded. If you answer right, you will get a much-too-excited string of praise for answering a question a trained monkey could answer.“灌了一打劣質(zhì)啤酒，我準備鉆進車里開始狂飆，你覺得怎么樣，托德？”哦，如果你答錯了，你將看起來像個智障。答對了的話，等待你的是一連串過分夸張的稱贊，只是因為你剛剛回答了一只稍加訓練的猴子都能答對的問題。
#2.Local Pandering#2.拉皮條 Sometimes a speaker likes to show he "gets" his audience by mentioning some local in-joke or popular person in the community. This tactic seems to be used mostly by people who speak at high schools, possibly because high school students often can't tell when they're being manipulated.有時候，演講者會講述一些圈內(nèi)的笑話或者圈內(nèi)的知名人物，表明自己“跟聽眾是一伙的”。這種花招常常用在對高中生演講上，大概是因為這些中學生很難分辨什么時候被操縱了。
However, this Family Guy episode has been around a while now, about some obnoxious teen speakers who put on a skit for the kids and make a one-off joke about how a crazy driver "must be from Jefferson High," causing the high schoolers to laugh on cue and explain, "They're our rivals!" So the kids might be wise to this trick now.但是《惡搞之家》已經(jīng)播出太久了，有些無趣的演講者仍會給這些孩子表演某種把戲，即興笑話描述那些瘋狂的司機"肯定來自于杰斐遜高中"，企圖引發(fā)學生們狂笑一通并準備解釋說，"他們就是我們的對手！"。只是這招對于這些孩子們有些太過聰明了。
Do high school kids watch Family Guy? I'm so out of touch.這些高中生會看《惡搞之家》嗎？ 我真成奧特曼了。
My school didn't have a rival high school because we were absolutely apathetic about sports, so one speaker instead kept making jokes about one popular kid (jokes based on how popular the guy must be) and using him as an example. I assume he just asked around ahead of time who the "most popular boy in school" was. This could have worked better considering I went to a 2,000-person school where nobody knew anyone outside of their clique of about 50 people. My only reaction was, "Yeah, that guy sure is a student who attends this school. I think."我讀的中學根本沒有什么對手，因為我們對體育根本沒什么興趣，所以演講者開始用某個受歡迎的孩子開玩笑（基于他該是如何的受歡迎）并以他作為靶子，我猜他肯定提前打聽過"學校最受歡迎的男孩是誰"。這可能會更好地理解上面的行為：我去過一個2000人的學校，在那里沒人認識他們的小圈子（約50人）以外的任何人。對于這位演講者的花招，我唯一反應是"我想他說的那家伙肯定是這個學校的的學生"。undefined
undefined And you don't get away from it when you move into the corporate world. I've had speakers diss rival companies -- "Of course these are some of the problems that came up when I was over at Company Y. I'm sure nobody here at Company X runs into that problem!" -- or pick out a really vocal employee on the assumption that he must be a popular guy that everybody knows -- "I know none of you guys would do that, but I don't know about Lester over here!"在這里輸入譯當進入社會系統(tǒng)時候，也還是這一套。我曾經(jīng)在公司聽到演講者損對手公司--"當然這些都是在Y公司出現(xiàn)的問題，已經(jīng)被我解決掉了。我相信在這里，在X公司，完全沒有這樣的問題！ "--或挑選出一個真的員工，并且假定他是眾所周知的--"我知道你們中沒有人會這么做，但我真不知道萊斯特在這兒！"undefined
undefined #1.Stunts#1.玩絕活undefined
undefined
undefined Because speakers often have very little to work with in terms of their subject matter, they often turn to any weird and zany tricks they can think of to keep the audience's attention -- ventriloquism, card tricks, skits, musical performances, knife throwing, whatever.演講者通常很少愿意在演講主題方面下點功夫，卻把大部分精力轉(zhuǎn)向一些稀奇古怪、滑稽可笑的小把戲——他們認為能吸引觀眾注意力的事上。什么腹語術，紙牌魔術、滑稽劇、音樂劇，飛刀扎人等等。undefined
The problem is, how often is someone good at both public speaking AND one of these esoteric hobbies? From what I've seen, not very often. And sadly, they're usually lacking on the public speaking side, if not both sides. That means they don't manage to integrate their gimmick seamlessly into their presentation as a way of illustrating their points. They're just basically interrupting their speech every now and then for what is essentially a commercial break where they entertain you.問題在于，一個人有多大機率同時善于演講“又”善于玩把戲？在我看來很少。而且的是，他們要么不擅長演講，要么兩者都不擅長。也就是說他們很難將唬人的把戲融匯到他們的演講里以說明他們的觀點。他們基本上只是時不時地打斷自己的演講，然后進入廣告時段讓大伙樂一會。undefined
undefined
Or "entertain" you.或者讓你樂一會undefined
That means that the boring speech ends up taking even longer because of all the interruptions. You probably would have appreciated it more if they'd left the dummy or the cards at home and just finished up faster. And man, if their gimmick is something truly awful like mime or interpretive dance, they're just doubling up on the misery.因為不停的中斷，這就意味著乏味的演講最終會更漫長。但是如果他們會把道具假人或臺詞卡忘在家里，整個過程就會快很多，你會感激不盡。可是，如果他們的把戲是些可怕的東西就像默劇或現(xiàn)代舞蹈什么的，留給你的就是無盡的痛苦了。undefined
Pretty much your only hope is that the stunt goes terribly wrong somehow.差不多你這時唯一的希望就是：這把戲什么時候出點可怕的意外就好了。undefined
He took it pretty well, considering.總的來說，他玩的相當不賴。
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