非謂語動(dòng)詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞主要起形容詞和副詞的作用,在句中作定語、表語、補(bǔ)語或狀語。
一、現(xiàn)在分詞的兩個(gè)基本特點(diǎn)。
1. 在時(shí)間上表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如: a developing country. 一個(gè)發(fā)展中的國家, boiling water 沸水, rising sun 冉冉升起的太陽。(試比較: a developed country 一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國家, boiled water 白開水, risen sun 升起的太陽)
2. 在語態(tài)上表示主動(dòng)。例如: the ruling class 統(tǒng)治階級(jí), the exploiting class 剝削階級(jí)。(試比較: the ruled class 被統(tǒng)治階級(jí), the exploited class 被剝削階級(jí))
二、掌握現(xiàn)在分詞的基本功能。
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,表示正在進(jìn)行的或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。也可以說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)和特征,此時(shí)可換成相應(yīng)的定語從句。例如:
① There was a terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst of light. (MET 1989)
A. followed B. following
C. to be followed D. being followed
分析: B 。表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,句意是:雷聲跟著閃電。此處的 following = which followed 。
② He saw a ________ bird and raised his bow.
A. fly B. flying
C. flew D. to be flying
分析: B 。表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,句意是:正在飛的鳥。此處的 a flying bird = a bird which was flying 。
③ I was satisfied with the _________ speech.
A. excite B. exciting
C. excited D. be excited
分析: B 。表示被修飾詞 speech 的性質(zhì)和特征,此處的 the exciting speech = the speech that/which was exciting 。
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí),可作時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、原因和伴隨狀語,表示正在進(jìn)行的或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。此時(shí)分詞的邏輯主語就是主句的主語,因此要注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致性。例如:
① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____________ that he had enjoyed his stay here. (NMET 1994)
A. having added B. to add
C. adding D. added
分析: C 。句意:來訪的大臣表示了對談判的滿意,同時(shí)又補(bǔ)充說道他呆在這里很愉快。 adding 作伴隨狀語,表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。

② European football is played in more than 80 countries, __________ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET 1998)
A. making B. makes
C. made D. to make
分析: A 。句意:歐式足球在 80 多個(gè)國家開展,其結(jié)果是它使歐式足球成為世界上最受歡迎的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。 making 是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。
③ ________ from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.
A. Seeing B. Seen
C. Saw D. To be seeing
分析: A 。 Seeing 是邏輯主語就是主句的主語 we ,表示正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語,表示正在進(jìn)行的或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。例如:
① Soon they could see the steam _________ from the wet clothes.
A. rise B. rising
C. risen D. be rising
分析: B 。句意:很快他們看見蒸汽從濕衣服上升起。 rising 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
② The missing boys were last seen ________ near the river. (NMET 1994)
A. playing B. to be playing
C. play D. to play
分析: A 。句意:失蹤的男孩們最后被看到時(shí)是他們正在河邊玩?!,F(xiàn)在分詞作主語補(bǔ)足語。
4. 現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。例如:
① With his lips still ________, he couldn't say a word.
A. trembling B. tremble
C. to tremble D. to be trembling
分析: B 。句意:他說不出話,因?yàn)樗淖齑皆陬潉?dòng)。這里需要用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
②“ Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “媽媽!”他突然哭著喊,淚水從他的臉上流下來。(這里需要用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) tears rolling down his cheeks 作狀語。)
③ Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall. 如果天氣允許的話,我們就去長城。(這里需要用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) Weather permitting 作狀語。)
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